Salesforce PDI Salesforce Certified Platform Developer 1 (WI25) Exam Practice Test

Why Quick Actions?

Quick Actions allow developers to create prepopulated forms for creating or updating records.

They are a modern alternative to JavaScript buttons in Lightning Experience.

Why Not Other Options?

A: Validation rules enforce data integrity but do not create records.

B: Apex triggers automate processes but are not used for user-initiated actions.

C: Record-triggered flows execute automatically when records are created or updated, but they do not replace JavaScript buttons for user-initiated actions.

Quick Actions: https://help.salesforce.com/s/articleView?id=sf.quick_actions_create.htm

References:

In the context of the MVC (Model-View-Controller) architecture for a Lightning Web Component (LWC), the Apex class and JavaScript file are responsible for handling the controller's role:

Apex Class (Controller):

Acts as the server-side controller.

Executes business logic, such as the complex validations mentioned in the scenario.

Exposes methods for the LWC to call using @AuraEnabled.

A Global Picklist Value Set allows the same set of picklist values to be shared across multiple objects, making maintenance easier and ensuring consistency.

Why not other options?

B: Alphabetical ordering does not ensure consistent value maintenance across objects.

C: Validation rules do not streamline picklist value maintenance.

D: Restricting picklist values helps ensure data integrity but does not streamline maintenance across objects.

References:

Global Picklists Documentation

To notify the parent component when the child component’s Next button is clicked, the child component can dispatch a custom event. The parent component listens to this event and handles navigation accordingly.

Test Isolation Principle:

Apex test methods run in a sandboxed environment without access to existing org data unless seeAllData=true is used.

The test fails if it relies on data not created within the test itself.

Why Not Other Options?

A: runAs simulates user context but does not affect test isolation.

B: @future methods do not cause failures if handled correctly.

D: Syntax errors would prevent code compilation.

Test Data Isolation: https://developer.salesforce.com/docs/atlas.en-us.apexcode.meta/apexcode/apex_testing_data.htm

References:

In the provided code snippet, the class myClass does not specify a sharing declaration (with sharing or without sharing). In Salesforce, when a class does not explicitly declare its sharing context, it defaults to without sharing. This means sharing rules are not enforced.

Trigger.old in a before insert trigger:

The Trigger.old context variable contains the old version of the records being processed in the trigger.

In a before insert trigger, the records being processed are new and have no prior state in the database, so Trigger.old is null.

This behavior is specific to insert triggers because there is no "old" record to reference before the record is created.

Why is it null?

The Trigger.old variable is only populated for triggers that handle updates or deletions (e.g., before update, after update, before delete, after delete). For insert operations, no previous state of the record exists.

Why not the other options?

A. An empty list of sObjects:

This is incorrect because Trigger.old is not initialized as an empty list for insert triggers—it is simply null.

B. Undefined:

Trigger.old is defined in the trigger context, but it is null for insert operations. Undefined is not a valid Apex state.

D. A list of newly created sObjects without IDs:

This describes Trigger.new in a before insert trigger, not Trigger.old. Trigger.new contains the new records being inserted.

References:

Apex Triggers Documentation

Trigger Context Variables

A before trigger fires when records are inserted, updated, or deleted. Using the Data Loader or Bulk API to import data updates records, which triggers the before insert or before update events.

Not Suitable:

Option A: Renaming or replacing picklists does not trigger a record-level operation.

Option B: The Mass Address Update tool is not a record operation that triggers before triggers.

Option D: Converting leads to contacts triggers lead conversion events, not directly related to Account triggers.

The Lightning Component Framework simplifies development by providing built-in device awareness, enabling components to adapt automatically for different devices such as mobile phones, tablets, and desktops.

The Apex Interactive Debugger allows developers to step through code execution in real time, which is the most effective way to identify the root cause of the duplication issue.

A try-catch block allows the batch to continue processing even if some records cause errors. Errors can be logged for review, ensuring the integration process does not stop entirely.

Allow Reparenting in Master-Detail Relationships:

In a master-detail relationship, the child record (in this case, OrderItem) is tightly bound to the parent record (Order).

By default, child records cannot be reassigned to a different parent record in master-detail relationships. However, enabling the "Allow Reparenting" option on the master-detail field allows the child record (OrderItem) to be reparented to a different master record (Order).

This is the correct solution as it ensures that OrderItem records can be reassigned to a new Order without changing the structure of the relationship.

Why not the other options?

A. Add without sharing to the Apex class declaration:

Adding without sharing modifies sharing rules but does not affect the ability to reparent child records. This is unrelated to the issue described.

B. Change the master-detail relationship to an external lookup relationship:

Changing the relationship type is not necessary. Additionally, doing so could introduce unintended side effects, as master-detail relationships have features like roll-up summaries that are lost with a lookup relationship.

C. Create a junction object between OrderItem and Order:

Introducing a junction object is not required. This adds unnecessary complexity and deviates from the intended use of master-detail relationships.

References:

Master-Detail Relationship Documentation

Allow Reparenting Option

Why Lightning Pages?

The Lightning Component framework is designed for building responsive Lightning Pages.

Allows for dynamic and modular development.

Why Not Other Options?

A: Salesforce Classic does not support Lightning Components.

C: JavaScript buttons are replaced by Quick Actions in Lightning Experience.

D: While integrations are possible, the framework is not primarily used for integrations.

Lightning Components Overview: https://developer.salesforce.com/docs/component-library/documentation/en/lwc

References:

The Limits class in Apex provides methods to check the consumption of governor limits, such as the number of SOQL queries, DML statements, and heap size used.

Example:

Integer dmlStatements = Limits.getDMLStatements();

Integer dmlLimit = Limits.getLimitDMLStatements();

Not Suitable:

Option A: OrgLimits is not an Apex class.

Option C: Messaging deals with email and messaging operations.

Option D: Exception is for handling exceptions, not tracking resource usage.

B: @testSetup inserts data once and shares it across all test methods in the class, saving system resources.

D: @isTest(SeeAllData=true) is incompatible with @testSetup due to their differing purposes for managing test data.

Why upsert?

The upsert statement inserts records that don’t exist and updates existing records based on the external ID (Order Number__c in this case).

Salesforce automatically recognizes and uses the external ID field for matching.

Why Not Other Options?

A and B: merge is for merging records, not for upserting.

C: Adding the field name after upsert is unnecessary, as Salesforce detects the external ID automatically.

Upsert Documentation: https://developer.salesforce.com/docs/atlas.en-us.apexcode.meta/apexcode/langCon_apex_dml_upsert.htm

References:

Option A: The fire() method is used to publish Aura application events in the traditional publish-subscribe model.

Not Suitable:

Option B: sendEvent() is not a valid method for Aura events.

Option C: FireEvent() does not exist.

Option D: emit() is not part of the Aura event framework.

Order of Execution Rules:

Step 1: Original record is loaded from the database.

Step 2: Field-level validations are performed, including maximum field lengths.

Step 3: Old values are overwritten with new record values.

Step 4: JavaScript validation runs in the browser.

Order of Execution Rules: https://developer.salesforce.com/docs/atlas.en-us.238.0.salesforce_appdevelopment.meta/salesforce_appdevelopment/apex_triggers_order_of_execution.htm

References:

A: A Flow can guide sales reps through a set of scripted steps and call an Apex action to interact with an external REST endpoint.

B: An Invocable method is used to make an Apex method callable from a Flow. This method can call the REST endpoint and return the data for display.

Why not other options?

C: Future methods are asynchronous and cannot return data to the user in real time.

D: Triggers are used for database events, not for guiding users through scripted processes or making REST calls.

References:

Invocable Methods in Flows

Lightning Web Components (LWCs) have access to a variety of resources in Salesforce. Below are the supported resources:

Static Resources (A):You can use static resources to reference JavaScript libraries, images, and other files needed in an LWC.

Why Validation Rule?

Validation rules are efficient for enforcing field-level conditions without requiring Apex or Flow.

A formula can check if the user’s profile is not "Sales Manager" and if the Lost Reason field is blank when Status is set to "Closed Lost".

Why Not Other Options?

A: Triggers are more complex and unnecessary for this simple validation.

C: Record-triggered flows are less efficient for field validations compared to validation rules.

D: Approval processes do not handle this type of field-level restriction.

Validation Rule Documentation: https://help.salesforce.com/s/articleView?id=sf.fields_about_field_validation.htm

References:

The test class is failing because the records are being inserted with the default user context, which may not have the necessary sharing or profile permissions. Wrapping the insert operations within a System.runAs block using a Standard User ensures the operations are executed with the correct context, simulating real-world behavior.

Option A: Governor limits are reset for each execution of the execute() method in a batch job because each batch is treated as a separate transaction.

Option C: Batch jobs use asynchronous governor limits, which are higher than synchronous limits.

B. Updates to FeedItem:

Triggers can fire when FeedItem records are updated, such as posts on records or Chatter updates.

C. Cascading delete operations:

When a parent record is deleted, cascading delete operations on related child records can trigger child object triggers.

Why Not Other Options?

A: Changing a user's default division does not fire triggers.

D: Renaming or replacing a picklist entry does not fire triggers.

Trigger Events: https://developer.salesforce.com/docs/atlas.en-us.apexcode.meta/apexcode/apex_triggers_context_variables_considerations.htm

References:

To query related child records in a lookup or master-detail relationship:

Use the parent object (Gym__c) to retrieve its child records (Trainer__c) through a nested query.

The child relationship name (Trainers__r) is derived from the lookup field.

Option B: The component renders all messages added to the ApexPages messages collection on a Visualforce page, including those added by the ApexPages.addMessage() method.

Not Suitable:

Option A: is for specific fields, not for the general messages collection.

Option C: is used for displaying a single, static message, not the dynamic collection of messages.

Option D: does not display messages.

Visual Studio Code (VS Code) is the recommended tool for Salesforce development. It supports the Salesforce Extensions Pack for debugging and fixing issues in Lightning Web Components (LWCs).

Not Suitable:

Option A: The Developer Console is less effective for LWC debugging.

Option B: The Force.com IDE is deprecated.

Option C: Execute Anonymous does not provide tools to debug or fix LWC bugs.

C. Update the PrimaryId__c field definition to mark it as an External Id:

Marking PrimaryId__c as an External Id allows Salesforce to use this field to match records during the data import process, streamlining the process of mapping CSV rows to existing Candidate__c records.

External Id fields are indexed and can be used in tools like Data Loader, Data Import Wizard, or API-based upserts to ensure that records are matched correctly based on the value of the external ID field.

In this case, since PrimaryId__c is unique, marking it as an external ID eliminates the need for custom triggers or flows.

Why this is the best solution?

This technique leverages built-in Salesforce capabilities (no need for custom code or automation).

It ensures accurate record matching and is the standard approach for data enrichment tasks involving unique identifiers.

Why not the other options?

A. Upload the CSV into a custom object related to Candidate__c:

This approach unnecessarily introduces another object, adding complexity. The goal is to update existing Candidate__c records, not store the data in a separate object.

B. Create a before insert trigger to correctly map the records:

Using triggers for this purpose is overengineering. Salesforce already provides tools like upsert for this exact use case. Writing a trigger would require additional effort and could introduce unintended errors or performance issues.

D. Create a before save flow to correctly map the records:

While flows are powerful, they are not the optimal solution for this use case. Data mapping is better handled using an external ID during import to ensure proper matching and updates.

References:

External IDs in Salesforce

Upsert with Data Loader

Unique and External ID Fields

Option B: To update a junction object, the user needs Read/Write access to the primary relationship object.

Option C: The user must also have Read/Write access on the junction object itself.

In Visualforce, data-binding requires getter and setter methods to access the attributes of a controller. Adding a getter method for actType ensures that its value is retrieved properly.

The doWork method inserts an account for every iteration of the for loop, which runs from i = 0 to i <= 200, inclusive.

This results in 201 iterations, and hence 201 accounts are inserted into the org.

Explanation of Code Behavior:

The loop condition i <= 200 runs 201 times (0 to 200).

The insert acct; statement is executed 201 times.

References:

Apex Developer Guide - Loop Constructs

Lightning Web Components (LWC):

Fully responsive and designed to handle touch events.

Executes on stateful clients with high performance.

Aura Components:

Supports responsive designs and touch events but is slightly less efficient than LWC.

Why Not Other Options?

B. Visualforce Components: Not designed for responsiveness or touch event handling.

C. Visualforce Pages: Primarily server-rendered and not stateful for touch interactions.

LWC Overview: https://developer.salesforce.com/docs/component-library/documentation/en/lwc

References:

MVC: The Model-View-Controller design pattern is ideal for Salesforce development as it separates the business logic (model), user interface (view), and controller logic, ensuring scalability and maintainability.

Salesforce’s architecture inherently supports MVC, with sObjects as the model, Visualforce or Lightning components as the view, and Apex controllers as the controller.

Why not other options?

A: The Waterfall model is a development methodology, not a design framework.

B: Flux is a front-end application architecture and not relevant to Salesforce.

D: Agile is a development methodology, not a design framework.

References:

Salesforce MVC Architecture

Option A contains code that improperly handles user input, which may lead to a security vulnerability such as SOQL injection. To avoid this, always use bind variables when constructing queries.

Apex Trigger (Option B):

An Apex trigger can be written on the Container__c object to prevent deletion unless the Status__c field value is "Decommissioned".

This allows custom logic to be executed during the deletion process.

Public Method (A):The parent component can call a public method defined in the child component to pass data directly.

Option A: Using a Test Data Factory class is a recommended approach to create test records programmatically. This ensures that the test is independent of existing data and can be executed in isolation.

Option B: The @IsTest(SeeAllData=true) annotation allows the test to access existing records in the database, including Pricing_Structure__c. However, this is less recommended as it creates a dependency on existing org data.

Not Suitable:

Option C: Test.loadData is used to load records from a static resource (CSV) but doesn't suit the requirement directly.

Option D: Adding without sharing to a class impacts sharing rules but does not create or ensure the existence of test data.

SOSL:

Designed for full-text searches, making it faster for unstructured or broad text searches across multiple objects.

Ideal for searching multiple fields simultaneously.

SOQL:

Optimized for structured queries where you need more control over filtering and relationships.

Can return up to 50,000 records in a single query, while SOSL returns only 2,000.

C and D are incorrect because SOSL is faster for text searches, not SOQL.

SOQL vs. SOSL: https://developer.salesforce.com/docs/atlas.en-us.soql_sosl.meta/soql_sosl/sforce_api_calls_soql_sosl_intro.htm

Why Not Other Options?References:

When building a Lightning Web Component (LWC) to collect and manage data, developers must ensure compliance with Salesforce's security model, including field-level security (FLS) and object-level security (OLS). To meet the requirement of respecting security controls, lightning-input-field is the correct choice.

Why lightning-input-field?

Field-Level Security (FLS):lightning-input-field respects the user’s field-level security settings. This means users can only view or edit fields that they have permissions for, ensuring compliance with the organization’s security model.

Object-Level Security (OLS):It respects object-level security, ensuring users cannot access objects they are restricted from accessing.

Simplified Development:It is part of the Lightning Data Service (LDS), which eliminates the need to write custom Apex or SOQL queries for CRUD operations, reducing the potential for security gaps.

Dynamic Rendering:Since the component dynamically renders fields based on the user’s permissions, developers can share the component across various user groups without additional customization.

Declarative Syntax:lightning-input-field simplifies form creation in LWC by using declarative syntax to bind to record fields directly.

Example Code Implementation:

References:

LWC Documentation for lightning-input-field

Field-Level Security and Object-Level Security

Best Practices for Lightning Data Service

By using lightning-input-field, the developer ensures adherence to Salesforce's security standards while providing a reusable and secure solution for capturing and displaying Contact information.

To create and manage scratch orgs in Salesforce DX, the Dev Hub must be enabled in your Salesforce production or Developer Edition org. Dev Hub acts as the central hub for managing scratch orgs.

Why @TestSetup?

The @TestSetup annotation creates a baseline set of test data once per test class.

Test methods reuse this data, avoiding the need to recreate it repeatedly, which improves efficiency.

Why Not Other Options?

A: HttpCalloutMock is used for mocking callouts, not for creating test data.

C: Using seeAllData=true is discouraged because it relies on org data, violating test isolation principles.

D: While creating data in Test.startTest() works, it is less efficient than @TestSetup for shared data.

Test Setup Methods: https://developer.salesforce.com/docs/atlas.en-us.apexcode.meta/apexcode/apex_testing_testsetup.htm

References:

Why Prebuilt Components?

The Lightning Component Framework includes a library of prebuilt components, which developers can use to build applications faster.

Why Not Other Options?

A: The framework is exclusive to Lightning Experience, not Classic UI.

C: The framework does not provide templates but focuses on reusable components.

D: Extended governor limits are not provided by the framework.

Lightning Components Overview: https://developer.salesforce.com/docs/component-library/documentation/en/lwc

References:

Master-detail relationships allow roll-up summary fields to aggregate data from child records. If a roll-up summary field exists on the Account object, the relationship cannot be changed to a lookup because lookup relationships do not support roll-up fields.

Why not other options?

A: Null values in the Vendor records do not prevent the change.

C: Custom fields can have their types changed as long as dependencies like roll-up fields are not present.

D: Organization-wide defaults do not affect the ability to change relationships.

References:

Salesforce Master-Detail Relationships and Roll-Up Summary Fields

Scratch orgs are created using the Salesforce CLI (sfdx force:org:create) as part of Salesforce DX. It is specifically designed for development and testing purposes.

Why not other options?

B: Sandbox refresh is used for creating sandboxes, not scratch orgs.

C: Developer Console is used for debugging and code development but cannot create scratch orgs.

D: Workbench is a tool for API testing and data manipulation, not for scratch org creation.

References:

Salesforce CLI and Scratch Orgs

Best practices in Apex development for triggers and service layers include:

Avoiding DML operations and queries in loops.

Handling bulk processing efficiently.

Option A ensures compliance by performing all updates at the end, reducing the risk of hitting governor limits.

When an Account record is created, the following happens:

Before insert trigger increments the count field once.

After insert record-triggered flow executes and increments the count again.

When the record is subsequently updated:

Before update trigger increments the count again.

After update record-triggered flow increments it once more.

Thus, the final value of the count field = 4.

References:

Order of Execution in Salesforce

Why Data Loader?

Data Loader supports all standard and custom objects, including Opportunities.

It is suitable for importing large data volumes like 500 records.

Why Not Data Import Wizard?

The Data Import Wizard does not support all objects, such as Opportunities.

Why Not Other Options?

A: Data Loader does not automatically relate Opportunities to Accounts unless provided external IDs.

B: Data Loader is a desktop application, not browser-based.

D: The Data Import Wizard can handle more than 500 records for supported objects, but it doesn't support Opportunities.

Data Loader Documentation: https://developer.salesforce.com/docs/atlas.en-us.dataLoader.meta/dataLoader/

References:

The variable isOK is declared but not initialized, so its value is null. The if-else conditions check for specific values of isOK (true or false), but since it is null, none of those conditions are satisfied. The program defaults to the else block, assigning 4 to x.

This method allows the developer to retrieve all available record types and identify the default record type for the current user by checking the isDefaultRecordTypeMapping() attribute.

Example:

Schema.DescribeSObjectResult describeResult = Opportunity.sObjectType.getDescribe();

for (Schema.RecordTypeInfo recordType : describeResult.getRecordTypeInfos()) {

if (recordType.isDefaultRecordTypeMapping()) {

System.debug('Default Record Type: ' + recordType.getName());

}

}

The correct implementation of the CheckPaymentProcessor class must adhere to the PaymentProcessor interface. To accomplish this:

Use the implements keyword to signify that the CheckPaymentProcessor class is implementing the PaymentProcessor interface.

Define the pay method in the CheckPaymentProcessor class, as it is required by the PaymentProcessor interface.

The pay method must match the method signature defined in the PaymentProcessor interface (void pay(Decimal amount)).

Explanation of Option D:

It uses implements PaymentProcessor to correctly indicate that the class adheres to the interface.

The pay method is properly implemented with the required method signature and includes a placeholder for functional code.

Other Options:

Option A: The pay method is not implemented correctly (no method body).

Option B: Incorrect use of extends instead of implements (interfaces are implemented, not extended).

Option C: Same issue as Option B, with a slight variation in formatting.

Database.insert(records, false):

The Database.insert() method with the allOrNone parameter set to false allows for partial success.

If some records in the list fail due to validation rules, triggers, or other errors, the method will still attempt to insert the remaining valid records.

The false parameter ensures that records that fail will not roll back the transaction for the others.

Why not the other options?

A. Database.insert(records, true):

The true parameter makes the operation transactional (all or none). If any record fails, all records will roll back.

B. insert records:

The insert DML statement behaves like Database.insert(records, true) by default and rolls back all records if any error occurs.

C. insert(records, false):

This syntax is invalid in Apex.

References:

Apex DML Operations Documentation

Database Methods

Many-to-Many Relationship:

To track which companies (Accounts) report which bugs and allow multiple associations for both, a junction object is needed.

This junction object will have two master-detail relationships: one to Bug__c and one to Account.

Why Not Other Options?

A. Roll-up summary field: Not suitable for many-to-many relationships.

B. Master-detail field on Bug__c to Account: Creates a one-to-many relationship, not many-to-many.

C. Lookup field on Bug__c to Account: Still creates a one-to-many relationship, not many-to-many.

Many-to-Many Relationships: https://developer.salesforce.com/docs/atlas.en-us.object_reference.meta/object_reference/relationships_manytomany.htm

References:

Execution Flow:

The do-while loop executes the body of the loop before evaluating the condition.

Initial x = 0.

Inside the loop: x = 1 (reassignment) and then incremented to 2.

The condition x < 1 is false after the first iteration, so the loop exits.

Debug Output:System.debug(x) logs 2.

Option A: This is the correct syntax for SOSL to retrieve data across multiple objects. It searches for "Universal Containers" in the CompanyName fields and returns the specified fields for Lead, Account, and Contact.

Other Options:

Option B and D: These are invalid SOQL statements since SOQL does not support multi-object queries.

Option C: Name fields are not relevant to the search term "CompanyName."

A. Roll-up summary fields can cause the parent record to go through Save:

When a roll-up summary field on a parent object (like Account) is updated due to changes in child records (like Branch), the parent record (Account) is implicitly saved again.

This can result in the execution of the trigger on the parent object. Developers must consider this behavior to avoid unintended recursion or infinite loops.

B: Using partial DML statements (e.g., Database.insert(list, false)) allows only valid records to be committed while identifying invalid ones, avoiding runtime errors.

D: The Database.Savepoint method ensures transactional control by allowing rollback to a specific savepoint if an error occurs.

Why not other options?

A: The @ReadOnly annotation is for read-only operations and would not allow DML operations.

C: The System.Limit class helps monitor limits but does not directly control transaction behavior.

References:

Best Practices for Apex Transactions

Correct Syntax for SOSL Query:

Option B uses SOSL (Salesforce Object Search Language) to find records where the phrase 'ACME' appears in any field across multiple objects (Contact and Lead).

Syntax used in Option B:

List> searchList = [FIND 'ACME' IN ALL FIELDS RETURNING Contact, Lead];

This query retrieves a list of SObject lists, where each inner list contains the results for a specific object (e.g., Contact or Lead).

Why not the other options?

A. Option A:

This uses SOQL (Salesforce Object Query Language), not SOSL. SOQL cannot search across multiple objects or fields. The syntax provided is invalid because SOQL doesn’t support "multi-object WHERE conditions."

C. Option C:

The Map syntax is incorrect for SOSL queries. SOSL queries return a List>, not a Map.

D. Option D:

The syntax List for SOSL is incorrect. SOSL must return List> since the results are grouped by object types.

References:

SOSL Queries in Apex

SOQL vs SOSL

B: Salesforce requires that all Apex code have at least 75% test coverage in production before deployment. This ensures that the system remains reliable.

C: All triggers must have some test coverage as part of the overall 75% requirement for Apex code.

Why not other options?

A: Object visibility settings are not a deployment requirement.

D: Visual Flows do not require test coverage for deployment to production.

References:

Apex Test Coverage Requirements

To make an LWC available for use on a record page:

Target Configuration:

Add lightning__RecordPage in the component's .js-meta.xml file to specify where the component can be used.

Expose the Component:

Set isExposed to true in the .js-meta.xml file to make the component available for use.

Example .js-meta.xml File:

57.0

true

lightning__RecordPage

A: Incorrect placement. The tag must be in the .js-meta.xml file, not the JavaScript file.

D: The tag is used for metadata labeling, not for exposing or targeting a component.

LWC Metadata Configuration: https://developer.salesforce.com/docs/component-library/documentation/en/lwc/lwc.create_metadata_config_file

Why Not the Other Options?References: