Netapp NS0-162 NetApp Certified Data Administrator (ONTAP) Exam Practice Test

 Jumbo frames are Ethernet frames with a payload greater than the standard maximum transmission unit (MTU) of 1500 bytes. Jumbo frames can improve network performance by reducing the overhead of packet headers and increasing the efficiency of data transfer. However, to use jumbo frames, all the devices in the network path must support the same MTU size. Therefore, to connect NFS datastores over a 10-GbE network using jumbo frames, you need to enable jumbo frames with an MTU of 9000 for your ESXi hosts and your ONTAP cluster, and enable jumbo frames with an MTU of 9216 for your switches. This will ensure that the network can handle the larger frames without fragmentation or dropping. Note that the MTU of 9216 for the switches is slightly higher than the MTU of 9000 for the hosts and the cluster, to account for the additional overhead of VLAN tags or other encapsulations. References :- NFS configuration for ESXi using VSC overview, NS0-162: NetApp Data Administrator ONTAP Flashcards, NetApp Exam NS0-162 Topic 10 Question 20 Discussion, Which three configurations would accomplish this task?, NS0-162 NetApp Certified Data Administrator, ONTAP Exam

 Active IQ Unified Manager, Cloud Insights, and Active IQ OneCollect are three NetApp products that can export the monthly performance data of your ONTAP 9.8 cluster to a CSV file for further processing. Active IQ Unified Manager is a web-based application that monitors and manages the health and performance of your ONTAP clusters. You can export data to CSV and PDF files for reporting from the Active IQ Unified Manager web UI1. Cloud Insights is a cloud-based monitoring and optimization tool that provides insights into your hybrid cloud infrastructure. You can export data to CSV files from the Cloud Insights dashboard. Active IQ OneCollect is a data collection tool that gathers configuration and performance data from your NetApp and third-party storage systems. You can export data to CSV files from the Active IQ OneCollect GUI. References :- Performance monitoring and management overview, Exporting data to CSV files for reporting, Exporting data to CSV and PDF files for reporting, [Exporting data to CSV files], [Exporting data to CSV files]

Storage efficiency features are techniques that reduce the amount of physical storage required to store data. ONTAP supports various storage efficiency features, such as deduplication, compression, and compaction. On AFF systems, some of these features are enabled by default on all newly created volumes. According to the documentation1, the following storage efficiency features are enabled by default on AFF systems:

• Aggregate-level compression: This feature compresses data blocks at the aggregate level, reducing the physical space required to store data. Aggregate-level compression is applied after all other storage efficiency features, such as deduplication and compaction, are applied at the volume level. Aggregate-level compression is enabled by default on all aggregates on AFF systems.
• Volume-level inline deduplication: This feature eliminates duplicate data blocks within a volume before they are written to disk, reducing the amount of data written and improving performance. Volume-level inline deduplication is enabled by default on all volumes on AFF systems.

Other storage efficiency features, such as LUN-level compression and aggregate-level inline deduplication, are not enabled by default on AFF systems. LUN-level compression is a feature that compresses data blocks at the LUN level, reducing the logical space required to store data. LUN-level compression is disabled by default on all LUNs on AFF systems, and it is not recommended to enable it unless there is a specific use case. Aggregate-level inline deduplication is a feature that eliminates duplicate data blocks across volumes within an aggregate before they are written to disk, reducing the amount of data written and improving performance. Aggregate-level inline deduplication is disabled by default on all aggregates on AFF systems, and it is recommended to enable it only on aggregates that contain volumes with similar data sets. References :- Inline storage efficiency enabled by default on AFF systems, Storage efficiency features, LUN-level compression, Aggregate-level inline deduplication

The point-to-point topology is the simplest and most common way to connect a single host to a storage system using FC. It allows direct communication between two devices without any intermediate devices. The UTA2 ports on the AFF A220 cluster support the point-to-point topology when configured as FC ports. Therefore, to connect a single Windows host directly to the storage using FC, you need to use the point-to-point topology on all ports and make sure that the host and the storage have compatible FC settings, such as speed, WWPN, and zoning. The other options are not correct because they involve additional devices or topologies that are not necessary or supported for this scenario. References :- Quick guide - AFF A220, Detailed guide - AFF A220, ONTAP 9 SAN Configuration Guide

 FLI (Foreign LUN Import) is a feature built into ONTAP that allows users to import data from foreign array LUNs to NetApp LUNs in a simple and efficient manner. FLI supports four main types of migration workflows: online, offline, transition, and automated. FLI leverages FlexArray technology to discover the foreign RAID array LUNs and pull data from them. FLI can migrate data between heterogeneous storage arrays from EMC, Hitachi, HP, and other vendors to NetApp as supported by FlexArray configuration12.

XCP is a NetApp tool that provides fast and scalable data migration and data copy services for any NAS environment. XCP can copy data from any NFS or SMB/CIFS source to any NFS or SMB/CIFS destination, regardless of the vendor or protocol version. XCP can also preserve file attributes, permissions, ownership, and timestamps during the copyprocess. XCP can be used for file-level migrations, such as NFS and CIFS/SMB, which are not supported by FLI34.

References :- Migration types supported by Foreign LUN Import, Foreign LUN Import overview, XCP overview, Data Migration Tools Quick Reference

 To increase the number of files that can be created in a volume, you need to increase the number of files permitted on the volume and increase the size of the volume. The number of files permitted on the volume is determined by the maxfiles parameter, which affects the maximum number of public inodes the volume can have. You can change the maxfiles parameter using the maxfiles command. The size of the volume is determined by the total space allocated to the volume. You can increase the size of the volume using the vol size command. Increasing the number of files permitted and the size of the volume will allow more files to be created in the volume, as long as there is enough free space and inodes available. References :- How to increase the maximum number of files for a flexible volume, Changing the maximum number of files allowed in a volume, [Increasing the size of a volume]

To delegate administration of the SVM to an SVM administrator, you need to create the vsadmin user account in the new SVM and configure role-based access control (RBAC) for the vsadmin user account. The vsadmin user account is the default SVM administrator account that has full access to the SVM resources and can perform all SVM-related tasks. RBAC is a feature that allows you to control the access and permissions of users and groups based on their roles. You can use RBAC to assign roles, capabilities, and access methods to the vsadmin user account. Creating a LIF for SVM management and setting a password for the vsadmin user account are optional tasks that you can perform after creating the vsadmin user account and configuring RBAC for it. References :- Delegate administration to SVM administrators with System Manager - ONTAP 9.7 and earlier, Create a new SVM, Role-Based Access Control (RBAC) Express Guide

The problem of being unable to upload large files or migrate VMs to the new NFS datastore is likely caused by a mismatch in the maximum transmission unit (MTU) settings between the network switches, the ONTAP cluster, and the vSphere hosts. The exhibit shows that the broadcast domain for the NFS LIF has an MTU of 9,000 bytes, which means that it is configured for jumbo frames. However, the default MTU for the VMkernel ports on the vSphere hosts is 1,500 bytes, which means that they are not configured for jumbo frames. This can result in packet fragmentation, dropped packets, or reduced performance. To correct the problem, the MTU of the VMkernel ports on the vSphere hosts should be changed to 9,000 bytes to match the MTU of the broadcast domain and the network switches. This will enable the vSphere hosts to send and receive jumbo frames and improve the NFS performance. References :- ProvisionNFS storage for VMware datastores, vSphere NFS datastore - Version 3 with ONTAP, Configure jumbo frames for VMkernel networking

The availability of the remote cluster in the peering relationship shows “Partial” only if some nodes in the local cluster are not able to contact some or all nodes in the peer cluster1. This means that there is a network connectivity issue between some of the intercluster LIFs on the local and remote clusters. This can affect the data transfer and API communication between the clusters. The other options are not correct because they would result in different availability statuses, such as Unavailable, Pending, or Unidentified1. References :- cluster peer show, Cluster peering issues after upgrade to ONTAP 9.11.1, Output of “cluster peer health show” intermittently displays “session_reachable” for data ping

The easiest and fastest way to restore a single file from a Snapshot copy is to use the Windows Shadow Copy Client, which allows the user to access and restore Data ONTAP Snapshot files from the Previous Versions tab in the Properties menu. This does not require any CLI commands or ONTAP System Manager operations. References :- Restoring files from Snapshot copies, Restore a single file from a Snapshot copy

 Intercluster LIFs are used for communication between FlexCache clusters and for data transfer between origin and cache volumes. If the WAN connection drops, the intercluster LIFs on both sides of the FlexCache relationship will be marked as down. To troubleshoot the disconnect, you can ping the intercluster LIFs from another cluster or from a host on the same network to verify their reachability. You can also use the network ping-lif command to ping the intercluster LIFs from the cluster shell. References :- FlexCache overview, Unable to clean FlexCache relationship, FlexCache in ONTAP, What Is FlexCache?

When a LUN has space reservations disabled (a non-space-reserved LUN), and its containing volume has no space guarantee, ONTAP reports the volume usage based on the actual data written to the LUN, not the LUN size. Therefore, ONTAP reports that the volume is using 10 GB of its containing aggregate, and the volume is 10% full. References :- Understanding space reservations for LUNs in System Manager, Recommended volume and file or LUN configuration combinations overview

 To add SSDs to existing HDD aggregates, you need to use the Automated Workload Analyzer (AWA) tool, which is a part of the Active IQ Performance Analytics service. AWA can help you to validate how many SSDs would improve performance by analyzing the workload characteristics and performance metrics of your cluster and providing recommendations for optimal SSD allocation. AWA can also help you to identify the best candidates for Flash Pool conversion, which is a feature that allows you to combine SSDs and HDDs in the same aggregate to improve performance and efficiency12.

• OnCommand Workflow Automation is not the tool that can help you to validate how many SSDs would improve performance, as it is mainly used for automating storage management tasks and workflows3.
• Active IQ Unified Manager is not the tool that can help you to validate how many SSDs would improve performance, as it is mainly used for monitoring and managing the health, performance, and configuration of the cluster, not the SSD allocation4.
• ONTAP System Manager is not the tool that can help you to validate how many SSDs would improve performance, as it is mainly used for performing basic administration and management tasks on the cluster, not the SSD optimization5. References :- Active IQ Performance Analytics, Flash Pool overview, OnCommand Workflow Automation overview, Active IQ Unified Manager overview, ONTAP System Manager overview.

 CIFS is the NetApp implementation of the SMB protocol, which enables file sharing between Windows clients and NetApp storage systems. To use CIFS, the storage system must have a valid CIFS license installed and configured. If a node fails on an HA configuration, the surviving node takes over the resources and services of the failed node, including the CIFS server. However, if the surviving node does not have a CIFS license, the CIFS server cannot start and the clients cannot access their data. Therefore, the lack of CIFS license on the surviving node is a possible cause of the problem. References :- CIFS and SMB overview, Licensing overview, Troubleshooting CIFS issues

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 The ONTAP Mediator service is a software component that monitors the health and connectivity of the MetroCluster IP nodes and sites. It enables automatic switchover to the surviving site in case of a site disaster by providing quorum to the surviving cluster. The ONTAP Mediator service must be installed on a Linux host that has network connectivity to both MetroCluster sites and is located in a third site. References :- ONTAP Mediator service overview, ONTAP MetroCluster IP Implementation

SnapLock Compliance is the ONTAP feature that fulfills the requirement of WORM archiving of data on the ONTAP cluster. SnapLock Compliance is a high-performance compliance solution for organizations that use write once, read many (WORM) storage to retain critical files in unmodified form for a specified retention period. SnapLock Compliance prevents files from being deleted, overwritten, or modified, even by an administrator, until the retention period expires. SnapLock Compliance also provides a tamper-proof clock and audit logs to ensure the integrity and authenticity of the WORM data. References :- WORM storage - NetApp, Compliant WORM storage using NetApp SnapLock _ TR-4526 | NetApp

The igroup is a logical grouping of initiators that can access a set of LUNs. The igroup must contain the IQNs (iSCSI Qualified Names) or WWPNs (World Wide Port Names) of the initiators that need to access the LUNs. In this scenario, the igroup named “ESX” has the iSCSI protocol and the VMware OS type, but it does not have any initiators listed. This means that the VMware hosts cannot authenticate and connect to the LUNs in the SVM. To resolve this issue, the igroup must be populated with the correct initiators that match the VMware hosts. This can be done by using the igroup add command or the System Manager GUI12. References :- Create an igroup, Add initiators to an igroup

 The number of ISCSI LIFs that will be created from the SVM setup wizard, as shown in the exhibit, is 16. This is because the LIFs per node field is set to 2, and there are 4 nodes in the cluster. Therefore, the total number of LIFs is 2 x 4 8 for each SVM, and since there are two SVMs, the total number of LIFs is 8 x 2 16. The other options are incorrect because they do not match the calculation based on the exhibit. References :- Configure an SVM for iSCSI, Configure iSCSI on an existing SVM

LACP (Link Aggregation Control Protocol) is a protocol that enables the bundling of several physical ports into a single logical port to provide higher bandwidth, load balancing, and redundancy. An interface group is a network component that supports LACP on NetApp clusters. An interface group can combine two or more physical ports into a single logical port and can be configured with different policies, such as multimode, multimode_lacp, or singlemode. A VLAN (Virtual Local Area Network) is a logical segmentation of a network that allows devices to communicate as if they were on the same physical network, regardless of their physical location. A broadcast domain is a logical division of a network in which all nodes can reach each other by broadcasting. A failover group is a set of network ports that can take over the traffic of another port in case of a failure. References :- Combine physical ports to create interface groups, Configure LACP for optimal storage performance, What are the recommended settings for cluster network ports?, Port Troubleshooting Resolution Guide, Create Interface Group MODE LACP

 To find the highest latency seen on restore, you need to look at the output of the table that shows the latency measurements for different operations and sizes. The highest latency is 10021 ms, which is the maximum latency for the GET operation with 8KB size. This means that when the users recover files with the Windows Previous Versions tab, they are reading data from the cloud tier that has been tiered using the snapshot-only policy, which causes high latency and slow restores.

• The other latencies are not correct, as they are lower than 10021 ms. The maximum latency for the PUT operation with 4MB size is 10500 ms, but this is not related to the restore operation, as it is writing data to the cloud tier. The maximum latency for the GET operation with 4KB size is 9591 ms, which is slightly lower than 10021 ms. The maximum latency for the GET operation with 32KB size is 7889 ms, which is much lower than 10021 ms. The maximum latency for the GET operation with 256KB size is 7838 ms, which is also much lower than 10021 ms. References :- FabricPool overview, FabricPool requirements, FabricPool best practices, High READ Latency from the fabric pool aggregate.

 A thin-provisioned LUN is one for which storage is not reserved in advance, but allocated dynamically as it is needed. To create a thin-provisioned LUN, the -space-reservation parameter must be set to disabled, which means that the LUN does not reserve any space from the containing volume. The other parameters are either irrelevant or contradictory to thin provisioning. References :- Thin provisioning - NetApp, How to convert a volume or LUN from thick to thin provisioned, ONTAP - Provisioning volumes

 According to the NetApp best practices, flow control should be disabled on data network ports and cluster network ports using 10GbE Ethernet. This is because flow control can cause excessive pause frames, xon/xoff frames, or packets being re-queued, which can affect the network performance and TCP throughput. Flow control works at the physical link layer and does not consider the upper level protocols. Therefore, it is recommended to disable flow control end-to-end on both data and cluster network ports for optimal performance. References :- How to modify flow control on cluster port in ONTAP, What are the flow control best practices for Ethernet?, Configure your network for best performance

 To increase access security in both NFS and iSCSI environments, you can use Kerberos and CHAP as authentication methods. Kerberos is a network authentication protocol that uses tickets to provide mutual authentication between clients and servers. CHAP is a challenge-response protocol that verifies the identity of a peer by using a shared secret. ONTAP supports Kerberos for NFS exports, which allows you to secure NFS traffic with encryption and integrity checking. ONTAP also supports CHAP for iSCSI LUN access, which prevents unauthorized access to iSCSI targets and initiators. References :- NFS security overview, iSCSI Security Configuration

Encrypted volumes are one of the possible causes of ONTAP upgrade pre-check failure. If the cluster has encrypted volumes, the pre-check verifies that the cluster has a valid external key manager (EKM) configuration and that the EKM server is reachable. If the EKM configuration is invalid or the EKM server is unreachable, the pre-check fails and the upgrade cannot proceed. To resolve this issue, the cluster administrator must ensure that the EKM configuration is correct and that the EKM server is accessible before retrying the upgrade12. References:- Execute ONTAP automated pre-upgrade checks before a planned upgrade, ONTAP upgrade pre-check validation fails with Error: The following nodes are not supported

The security method that would be used to authenticate targets and initiators in an ISCSI environment is CHAP. CHAP stands for Challenge Handshake Authentication Protocol, and it is a method that validates the identity of targets and initiators during the initial link. CHAP uses a shared secret (a password) that is exchanged between the target and the initiator in a challenge-response manner. CHAP can be used in both one-way and mutual modes, depending on whether both parties need to authenticate each other or not. The other options are not valid for this scenario because:

• NIS is a network information service that provides centralized management of user accounts and host names, but it does not provide authentication for ISCSI devices.
• LDAP is a protocol for accessing and managing directory services, such as user and group information, but it does not provide authentication for ISCSI devices.
• /etc/hosts is a file that maps host names to IP addresses, but it does not provide authentication for ISCSI devices. References :- How iSCSI authentication works, Securing iSCSI Devices, Configure iSCSI authentication