Huawei H12-725_V4.0 HCIP-Security V4.0 Exam Exam Practice Test

Comprehensive and Detailed Explanation:

Huawei firewalls come with a built-in URL filtering database, which includes predefined categories such as:

Malicious websites

Phishing sites

Social media

Business services

The URL category database is periodically updated by Huawei, ensuring that new threats are detected automatically.

Why is this statement true?

Administrators do not need to manually load URL categories; they are delivered with the firewall and updated regularly.

HCIP-Security References:

Huawei HCIP-Security Guide → URL Filtering & Web Security

Comprehensive and Detailed Explanation:

IKE (Internet Key Exchange) proposalincludes:

Encryption algorithm→ Ensures data confidentiality.

Authentication algorithm→ Verifies the identity of peers.

Encapsulation mode→ Defines whether IPsec operates intunnel mode or transport mode.

Why is C the correct answer?

Negotiation mode is not part of the IKE proposal; it is configured separately in the IKE policy.

HCIP-Security References:

Huawei HCIP-Security Guide → IKE Configuration

1️⃣Understanding HTTP Flood Attacks:

An HTTP flood attackis a type of DDoS attack where an attacker sendsa large number of HTTP requeststo a target server, overloading its resources.

Attackers often use botnets or spoofed IP addressesto send forged HTTP requests, making it difficult to differentiate between legitimate and malicious traffic.

2️⃣What is Happening in the Figure?

TheAnti-DDoS devicedetects an abnormally high number of HTTP requests from certain IPs.

Itchallenges suspicious clientsby requiring them to complete an authentication step (such as entering a verification code).

Legitimate users can pass the authentication and get whitelisted, while bots and attackers fail to respond and are blocked.

3️⃣Why is "Enhanced Mode" the Correct Answer?

Enhanced Modeis an advancedsource IP detection technologythat uses verificationcodes or JavaScript challenges to distinguish real users from bots.

Key features of Enhanced Mode:

Verification challenge(e.g., CAPTCHA, JavaScript check).

Whitelisting of verified usersto prevent further verification delays.

Blocks attack sources that fail to respond to verification.

In the figure, the systemprompts suspicious users to enter a verification codebefore allowing further access.

Attackers typicallydo not respond, while legitimate userscomplete the challenge and continue browsing normally.

HCIP-Security References:

Huawei HCIP-Security Guide→ HTTP Flood Attack Protection

Huawei Anti-DDoS Solution Guide→ Source IP Detection Methods

Huawei WAF Documentation→ Enhanced Mode for Web Attack Mitigation

Comprehensive and Detailed Explanation:

Threshold settings in firewalls allow administrators to define:

Alarm threshold→ When exceeded, logs are generated.

Block threshold→ When exceeded, the action is blocked.

Why is B false?

The alarm threshold does not block traffic; it only generates logs.

Only the block threshold enforces blocking actions.

HCIP-Security References:

Huawei HCIP-Security Guide → HTTP Traffic Control

A screenshot of a computer screen AI-generated content may be incorrect.

HCIP-Security References:

Huawei HCIP-Security Guide→ Bandwidth Management & Traffic Control Policies

Huawei QoS Configuration Guide→ Traffic Classification, Policing, and Queue Scheduling

1️⃣Step 1: Traffic Classification and Bandwidth Policy Matching

The firewallfirst classifies trafficusing predefined bandwidth policies.

These policies match traffic based on criteria such assource/destination IP, application type, and protocol.

This step ensures that each type of traffic is categorized correctly before applying bandwidth restrictions.

2️⃣Step 2: Traffic Processing Based on Bandwidth Policies

Once traffic is classified,the firewall enforces bandwidth limits and security actions:

Traffic exceeding the assigned bandwidth is discarded or throttled.

Service connection limits are enforced to prevent excessive connections per user or application.

3️⃣Step 3: Queue Scheduling and Priority Handling

If trafficexceeds the available bandwidth, the firewallprioritizes high-priority trafficusing queue scheduling mechanisms.

Techniques likeWeighted Fair Queuing (WFQ) and Priority Queuing (PQ)ensure thatcritical traffic (e.g., VoIP, business applications) is prioritized over less important traffic (e.g., downloads, streaming).

1️⃣Understanding the Scenario:

Enterprise A and Enterprise B communicate over the Internet through an IPsec tunnel.

Firewall A and Firewall B establish the tunnelto secure traffic between the enterprises.

The network includes aSource NAT device, meaning IP headers may be modified.

The goal is to ensure confidentiality, integrity, and authentication of data transmission.

2️⃣Why ESP (Encapsulating Security Payload)?

ESP (Encapsulating Security Payload)provides:

Encryption (Confidentiality)→ Protects data from eavesdropping.

Integrity & Authentication→ Ensures data is not modified.

NAT Traversal Support→ Works through NAT devices, unlike AH (Authentication Header).

ESP is the preferred choice for VPN tunnels over the public Internet.

3️⃣Why Tunnel Mode?

Tunnel Mode encapsulates the entire original IP packet, including headers and payload,adding a new IP header.

Advantages of Tunnel Mode:

Protects both the data and the original IP addresses(important for communication over untrusted networks).

Used in site-to-site VPNswhere private network addresses need to be hidden.

HCIP-Security References:

Huawei HCIP-Security Guide→ IPsec VPN Fundamentals

Huawei USG Series Firewall Configuration Guide→ IPsec ESP vs. AH

RFC 4301 (Security Architecture for the Internet Protocol)→ ESP and Tunnel Mode Usage

Comprehensive and Detailed Explanation:

Firewalls with advanced security features(such asIPS, Antivirus, and File Filtering) candetect and respond to file anomalies.

Actions that can be taken when an anomaly is detected:

A. Alarm→ Generates a log entry and notifies the administrator.

C. Block→ Prevents the file from being transferred.

D. Delete attachment→ Removes malicious attachments from emails.

Why is B incorrect?

Allowing a detected malicious file is not a valid security response.

HCIP-Security References:

Huawei HCIP-Security Guide → File Filtering & IPS Protection

Comprehensive and Detailed Explanation:

IPsec does not support non-IP traffic (e.g., multicast, routing protocols, or legacy protocols like IPX).

GRE over IPsec allows encapsulation of:

A. IPX→ Legacy protocol supported via GRE.

B. VRRP→ Uses multicast, which GRE supports.

C. IPv6→ GRE tunnels can carry IPv6 over IPv4.

D. OSPF→ Uses multicast (224.0.0.5 & 224.0.0.6), requiring GRE.

Why are all options correct?

GRE over IPsec is required for non-unicast and legacy protocols.

HCIP-Security References:

Huawei HCIP-Security Guide → GRE over IPsec Deployment

Understanding Policy-Based Routing (PBR) in this Scenario:

PBR (Policy-Based Routing)is used toredirect and control traffic flowbased on policies instead of traditional routing.

Router1 is acting as a traffic diversion device, redirecting traffic through acleaning devicebefore sending it to the final destination (Zones).

HCIP-Security References:

Huawei HCIP-Security Guide→ Policy-Based Routing (PBR) and Traffic Diversion

Huawei CloudCampus Traffic Optimization Guide→ Cleaning Device Integration with Routers

Huawei USG Series Firewall Configuration Guide→ Traffic Redirection for Security Inspection

Comprehensive and Detailed Explanation:

Health checkensuresnetwork reliabilityby detecting link failures.

Supports multiple protocols: ICMP, TCP, UDP, DNS, and HTTP.

Works with PBR (Policy-Based Routing):

Health checkmonitors link status, and if a failure is detected,PBR dynamically switches to an alternate path.

Why is C false?

Health check CAN be used with PBRto ensure traffic is routed via healthy links.

HCIP-Security References:

Huawei HCIP-Security Guide → Health Check Configuration

Comprehensive and Detailed Explanation:

Aggressive modeis a faster IKE Phase 1 negotiation method butdoes not support NAT traversal (NAT-T) with AH.

NAT-T only works with ESP, because:

AH includes the original IP header in its integrity check, which breaks when NAT modifies the IP address.

ESP works with NAT-Tsince it does not include the original IP header in its integrity check.

Why is this statement false?

AH does not support NAT-T, soAH+ESP cannot be used in NAT traversal scenarios.

HCIP-Security References:

Huawei HCIP-Security Guide → IPsec VPN NAT Traversal

Comprehensive and Detailed Explanation:

A Trojan horse is a type of malware that disguises itself as a legitimate applicationto trick users into installing it.

Transmission methods:

A. Exploiting vulnerabilities→ Attackers use system/software vulnerabilities to inject Trojans.

B. Bundled in software→ Trojans are included in cracked software or pirated applications.

C. Downloaded from third-party sites→ Users unknowingly install malware from untrusted sources.

D. Masquerading as useful software→ Fake tools trick users into installation.

Why are all options correct?

All listed methods are common ways Trojans spread.

HCIP-Security References:

Huawei HCIP-Security Guide → Malware & Trojan Horse Attacks

Comprehensive and Detailed Explanation:

DoS (Denial-of-Service)→ A single attacker sends excessive traffic to a target.

DDoS (Distributed Denial-of-Service)→ Uses multiple compromised devices (zombies or botnets) to amplify the attack.

Why is this statement true?

DDoS attacks originate from multiple sources (botnets), unlike DoS attacks.

HCIP-Security References:

Huawei HCIP-Security Guide → DoS vs. DDoS Attacks

Comprehensive and Detailed Explanation:

iMaster NCE-Campus functions as multiple authentication servers, including:

Portal Server→ For web-based authentication.

RADIUS Server→ For centralized authentication and policy enforcement.

HWTACACS Server→ For administrative command authorization.

Why is B correct?

iMaster NCE-Campus cannot function as an Active Directory (AD) server.It can integrate with an external AD server but does not replace it.

HCIP-Security References:

Huawei HCIP-Security Guide → iMaster NCE-Campus Authentication

Understanding the Differences Between HWTACACS and RADIUS:

HWTACACS(Huawei Terminal Access Controller Access-Control System) is aHuawei-enhanced version of TACACS+used forAAA (Authentication, Authorization, and Accounting).

RADIUS (Remote Authentication Dial-In User Service)is also an AAA protocol but is mainly designed fornetwork access authentication, such asVPNs and wireless authentication.

Why is Option B Correct?

HWTACACS supports per-command authorization, meaning administrators canassign different command privileges to different users.

For example, ajunior network engineer may be allowed to view configurations but not modify them, while asenior engineer has full access.

RADIUS does not support granular command authorization, as it primarily controlsnetwork accessrather than device management.

Comprehensive and Detailed Explanation:

SSL VPN remote access process includes:

User login→ User enters credentials on the virtual gateway.

User authentication→ Credentials are verified via RADIUS, LDAP, or local authentication.

Resource access→ The authenticated user accesses intranet resources.

Why is C incorrect?

SSL VPN does not perform "Access accounting"(which is used in RADIUS-based AAA systems).

HCIP-Security References:

Huawei HCIP-Security Guide → SSL VPN Authentication Process

Comprehensive and Detailed Explanation:

Hot standby networkingensureshigh availabilityby keeping a backup firewall ready in case of failure.

Two main modes exist:

Active/Standby Mode→ One firewall is active, and the other remains standby. Configuration is synchronized fromactive → standby.

Load-Sharing Mode→ Both firewallsprocess traffic simultaneously, improving performance.

Why is A false?

InLoad-Sharing Mode, both firewalls are active, butconfiguration synchronization does not cause conflicts. Instead, the firewalls synchronize states properly.

Why is D false?

InLoad-Sharing Mode, configuration is always synchronizedfrom the active firewall to the standby firewall, not the other way around.

HCIP-Security References:

Huawei HCIP-Security Guide → Hot Standby Configuration

Huawei USG Firewalls High Availability Guide

Comprehensive and Detailed Explanation:

Network Access Control (NAC) and AAA work together for secure network access.

Key functions:

A. AAA handles user-to-device authentication.

B. NAC handles device-to-server authentication.

C. NAC supports 802.1X, MAC authentication, and Portal authentication.

D. AAA enforces authentication, authorization, and accounting.

Why are all options correct?

Each option correctly describes a function of NAC or AAA.

HCIP-Security References:

Huawei HCIP-Security Guide → NAC & AAA Integration