Fortinet NSE7_ZTA-7.2 Fortinet NSE 7 - Zero Trust Access 7.2 Exam Practice Test

In FortiNAC, to isolate rogue hosts, you should enable the:

• C. Forced Remediation: This port group membership is used to isolate hosts that have been determined to be non-compliant or potentially harmful. It enforces a remediation process on the devices in this group, often by placing them in a separate VLAN or network segment where they have limited or no access to the rest of the network until they are remediated.

The other options are not specifically designed for isolating rogue hosts:

• A. Forced Authentication: This is used to require devices to authenticate before gaining network access.
• B. Forced Registration: This group is used to ensure that all devices are registered before they are allowed on the network.
• D. Reset Forced Registration: This is used to reset the registration status of devices, not to isolate them.

Given the output showing a real-time debug, the statement that describes the login failure is:

• C. student is not part of the usergroup SSL_VPN_Users: The debug log contains a line that says "fnbam_cert_check_group_list-checking group with name 'SSL_VPN_Users'" followed by "peer_check_add_peer_check_student" and later "RDN_match-Checking 'CN' val 'STUDENT' -- no match." This suggests that the certificate presented has a common name (CN) of 'student', which does not match or is not authorized under the 'SSL_VPN_Users' group expected for successful authentication.

FortiNAC uses a variety of methods to identify devices on the network, such as Vendor OUI, DHCP fingerprinting, and device profiling12. One of the supported communication methods that FortiNAC uses for initial device identification during discovery is SNMP (Simple Network Management Protocol)3. SNMP is a protocol that allows network devices to exchange information and monitor their status4. FortiNAC can use SNMP to read information from switches and routers, such as MAC addresses, IP addresses, VLANs, and port status3. SNMP can also be used to configure network devices and enforce policies4. References: 1: Identification | FortiNAC 9.4.0 - Fortinet Documentation 2: Device profiling process | FortiNAC8.3.0 | Fortinet Document Library 3: Using FortiNAC to identify medical devices - James Pratt 4: How does FortiNAC identify a new device on the network?

To create a separate web filtering profile for off-fabric and on-fabric clients and push it to managed FortiClient devices in FortiClient EMS, the feature can be enabled in:

• A. Endpoint Policy: This is where administrators can define and manage different policies for FortiClient endpoints. These policies can include settings for web filtering, which can be customized for on-fabric and off-fabric scenarios.

The other options do not directly relate to the creation and management of web filtering profiles:

• B. ZTNA Connection Rules: These rules are more focused on access control and do not deal directly with web filtering profiles.
• C. System Settings: This section typically includes overall system configurations rather than specific policy definitions.
• D. On-fabric Rule Sets: While important for on-fabric configurations, they don't directly deal with web filtering profiles.

References:

• FortiClient EMS Administration Guide.
• Managing Endpoint Policies in FortiClient EMS.

Zero Trust Architecture (ZTA) is a security model that follows the philosophy of “never trust, always verify” and does not assume any implicit trust for any entity within or outside the network perimeter. ZTA is based on a set of core principles that guide its implementation and operation. According to the NIST SP 800-207, the three core principles of ZTA are:

A. Verify and authenticate. This principle emphasizes the importance of strong identification and authentication for all types of principals, including users, devices, and machines. ZTA requires continuous verification of identities and authentication status throughout a session, ideally on each request. It does not rely solely on traditional network location or controls. This includes implementing modern strong multi-factor authentication (MFA) and evaluating additional environmental and contextual signals during authentication processes.

D. Least privilege access. This principle involves granting principals the minimum level of access required to perform their tasks. By adopting the principle of least privilege access, organizations can enforce granular access controls, so that principals have access only to the resources necessary to fulfill their roles and responsibilities. This includes implementing just-in-time access provisioning, role-based access controls (RBAC), and regular access reviews to minimize the surface area and the risk of unauthorized access.

E. Assume breach. This principle assumes that the network is always compromised and that attackers can exploit any vulnerability or weakness. Therefore, ZTA adopts a proactive and defensive posture that aims to prevent, detect, and respond to threats in real-time. This includes implementing micro-segmentation, end-to-end encryption, and continuous monitoring and analytics to restrict unnecessary pathways, protect sensitive data, and identify anomalies and potential security events.

References :=

• 1: Understanding Zero Trust principles - AWS Prescriptive Guidance
• 2: Zero Trust Architecture - NIST

 With the increase in IoT devices, enterprises face many challenges in securing and managing their network and data. Two of the most significant challenges are:

• Unpatched vulnerabilities in IoT devices (Option C): IoT devices are often vulnerable to cyber attacks due to their increased exposure to the internet and their limited computing resources. Some of the security challenges in IoT include weak password protection, lack of regular patches and updates, insecure interfaces, insufficient data protection, and poor IoT device management12. Unpatched vulnerabilities in IoT devices can allow hackers to exploit them and compromise the network or data. For example, the Mirai malware infected IoT devices by using default credentials and created a massive botnet that launched DDoS attacks on internet services2.
• Achieving full network visibility (Option D): IoT devices can generate a large amount of data that needs to be collected, processed, and analyzed. However, many enterprises lack the tools and capabilities to monitor and manage the IoT devices and data effectively. This can result in poor performance, inefficiency, and security risks. Achieving full network visibility means having a clear and comprehensive view of all the IoT devices, their status, their connectivity, their data flow, and their potential threats. This can help enterprises optimize their network performance, ensure data quality and integrity, and detect and prevent any anomalies or attacks3.

References := 1: Challenges in Internet of things (IoT) - GeeksforGeeks 2: Top IoT security issues and challenges (2022) – Thales 3: 7 challenges in IoT and how to overcome them - Hologram

The method used to install a passive agent on an endpoint is:

• D. Installed by user or deployment tools: Passive agents are typically installed on endpoints either manually by users or automatically through deployment tools used by the organization.

The other options do not accurately describe the installation of passive agents:

• A. Deployed by using a login/logout script: This is not the standard method for deploying passive agents.
• B. Agent is downloaded from Playstore: This is more relevant for mobile devices and does not represent the general method for passive agent installation.
• C. Agent is downloaded and run from captive portal: This method is not typically used for installing passive agents.

References:

• FortiNAC Agent Deployment Guide.
• Installation Methods for Passive Agents in FortiNAC.

LDAP (Lightweight Directory Access Protocol) authentication for ZTNA (Zero Trust Network Access) HTTPS access proxy is effectively implemented using a Form-based authentication scheme. This approach allows for a secure, interactive, and user-friendly means of capturing credentials. Form-based authentication presents a web form to the user, enabling them to enter their credentials (username and password), which are then processed for authentication against the LDAP directory. This method is widely used for web-based applications, making it a suitable choice for HTTPS access proxy setups in a ZTNA framework.References:FortiGate Security 7.2 Study Guide, LDAP Authentication configuration sections.

FortiAnalyzer playbooks are automated workflows that can perform actions based on triggers, conditions, and outputs. One of the actions that a playbook can perform is to quarantine a device by sending an API call to FortiClient EMS, which then instructs the FortiClient agent on the device to disconnect from the network. This can help isolate and contain a compromised or non-compliant device from spreading malware or violating policies. References :=

• Quarantine a device from FortiAnalyzer playbooks
• Playbooks