Fortinet NSE6_WCS-7.0 Fortinet NSE 6 - Cloud Security 7.0 for AWS Exam Practice Test

Understanding the Architecture:

The architecture includes an EC2 instance in a private subnet, a Gateway Load Balancer Endpoint (GWLBe), a NAT Gateway (NAT GW), and an Internet Gateway (IGW).

Route Tables and Routing:

The private route table for the subnet containing the EC2 instance has a route pointing to the GWLBe for internet-bound traffic.

The public route table for the subnet containing the NAT Gateway has routes to the IGW.

Traffic Flow Analysis:

Traffic initiated from the EC2 instance destined for the internet will first be routed to the GWLBe as per the private route table.

The GWLBe will forward the traffic to the NAT Gateway.

The NAT Gateway will then route the traffic to the IGW, which finally sends the traffic to the internet.

Comparison with Other Options:

Option A suggests direct routing to the NAT GW from the EC2 instance, which is incorrect.

Option B incorrectly states there is no route to the internet in the private route table.

Option D suggests direct routing from GWLBe to the internet, which is not the case.

References:

AWS Documentation on Route Tables: AWS Route Tables

Gateway Load Balancer Overview: AWS Gateway Load Balancer

Load Balancer Configuration Overview:

The provided configuration indicates that the ELB is an internet-facing load balancer.

Multi-AZ Load Balancing:

The load balancer is configured to distribute traffic across multiple availability zones (A, B, and C), ensuring high availability and fault tolerance (Option A).

Accessing Targets via DNS:

The DNS name of the load balancer (LabELB-716e15332f6401f8.elb.us-east-2.amazonaws.com) can be used to reach the targets behind the ELB, facilitating traffic routing to the appropriate instances (Option C).

Comparison with Other Options:

Option B is incorrect as the ARN is not used to access the load balancer directly.

Option D is incorrect because the load balancer is configured for internet-facing traffic, not just internal VPC traffic.

References:

AWS Elastic Load Balancer Documentation: AWS ELB

Understanding ELB DNS: AWS ELB DNS

Cluster Elastic IP Address (EIP) Movement:

During a failover in an active-passive (A-P) cluster, the Elastic IP (EIP) associated with the active FortiGate instance (FGT-1) needs to be moved to the passive instance (FGT-2), which becomes the new active instance. This ensures that the traffic directed to the EIP is now handled by FGT-2 (Option A).

Secondary IP Address Movement:

The secondary IP address on Port2 of the current active instance (FGT-1) is moved to the same port on the new active instance (FGT-2). This step is crucial to ensure seamless network traffic redirection and connectivity for the services relying on that IP address (Option B).

Other Options Analysis:

Option C is incorrect because the static route modification mentioned is not directly related to the failover process described.

Option D is incorrect because no additional route needs to be added to the HA Sync AZ2 subnet route table to forward traffic to the Internet Gateway during a failover.

References:

FortiGate HA Configuration Guide: FortiGate HA

AWS Elastic IP Documentation: Elastic IP

Network Load Balancer:

Deploying a network load balancer ensures that incoming traffic is distributed across multiple web servers, providing high availability and redundancy. This setup helps in managing traffic efficiently and maintaining service uptime even if some servers fail (Option A).

Multiple Availability Zones:

Deploying web servers in multiple availability zones (AZs) enhances fault tolerance and availability. If one AZ goes down, servers in other AZs can continue to handle the traffic, ensuring the web application remains accessible (Option D).

Other Options Analysis:

Option B is incorrect because NAT Gateways are used to provide internet access to instances in private subnets, not to make private addresses reachable from the internet.

Option C is not sufficient on its own for high availability. Adding a route to the default VPC route table forwarding traffic to the internet gateway makes the VPC internet-accessible but does not ensure high availability.

References:

AWS High Availability and Fault Tolerance: AWS High Availability

AWS Network Load Balancer: Network Load Balancer

Same Region Deployment:

Deploying FortiWeb Cloud in the same AWS region as your web application minimizes latency and ensures faster response times by reducing the distance data needs to travel (Option A).

Content Delivery Network (CDN):

Enabling a CDN can significantly improve response times by caching content closer to the end-users, reducing the load on the origin server, and speeding up content delivery (Option B).

Other Options Analysis:

Option C is incorrect because modifying DNS entries to directly point to your web server bypasses the WAF protection, which is not advisable for security reasons.

Option D is incorrect because disabling WAF functionality would expose your web application to vulnerabilities and threats, compromising security.

References:

AWS Regions and Availability Zones: AWS Regions

Content Delivery Network Overview: AWS CloudFront

Understanding the Requirement:

The organization needs to connect a data VPC to the on-premises infrastructure with high bandwidth.

The solution should avoid multiple connections between sites.

Transit Gateway Connect:

Transit Gateway Connect is designed to integrate with SD-WAN networks and provides scalable bandwidth using GRE tunnels.

It simplifies hybrid cloud connectivity by allowing high bandwidth connections without the need for multiple physical connections.

Benefits of Transit Gateway Connect:

Supports scalable bandwidth through GRE tunnels.

Facilitates seamless integration with on-premises and cloud environments.

Reduces complexity by avoiding the need for multiple VPN connections.

Comparison with Other Options:

Option A (Transit VPC with IPSec) is not preferred due to complexity and potential limitations in bandwidth scalability.

Option B (Internet Gateway) is not suitable for private, high-bandwidth connections.

Option C (Transit Gateway multicast) does not address the requirement for high bandwidth in a hybrid cloud setup.

References:

AWS Transit Gateway Documentation: AWS Transit Gateway Connect

Hybrid Cloud Connectivity: AWS Hybrid Cloud

Invalid Credentials:

The debug output shows an "AuthFailure" error, indicating that AWS was not able to validate the provided access credentials. This usually points to incorrect or invalid AWS access or secret keys configured in the AWS Lab SDN connector (Option C).

Clock Skew:

Another common reason for authentication failures in AWS API calls is a clock skew between the FortiGate device and AWS. AWS requires that the system time of the client making the API call is synchronized with its own time, within a small margin. If there is a significant time difference, AWS will reject the credentials (Option B).

Other Options Analysis:

Option A is incorrect because the AWS API supports XML version 1.0.

Option D is incorrect as the error message does not indicate an issue with connecting on port 401.

Option E is incorrect because the error is related to authentication, not the absence of instances.

References:

AWS API Authentication: AWS API Security

FortiGate AWS Integration Guide: FortiGate AWS Integration

Understanding Transit Gateway Connect:

Transit Gateway Connect is a feature of AWS Transit Gateway that simplifies the integration of SD-WAN networks with AWS. It uses Generic Routing Encapsulation (GRE) tunnels to facilitate this connection.

GRE Tunnels and Bandwidth:

GRE tunnels can dynamically scale to meet increasing bandwidth demands. They allow multiple tunnels between the same endpoints, which can aggregate bandwidth without requiring additional configuration.

Scaling Bandwidth with GRE:

The GRE protocol used by Transit Gateway Connect can support high bandwidth requirements by spreading traffic across multiple tunnels. As demand grows, additional tunnels can be automatically used to handle the increased traffic load.

Comparison with Other Options:

Option A suggests using public IP addresses, which is not relevant to bandwidth scaling.

Option B is incorrect because bandwidth can be increased through GRE scaling.

Option D suggests adding a Transit VPC, which is unnecessary for increasing bandwidth when using Transit Gateway Connect.

References:

AWS Transit Gateway Documentation: AWS Transit Gateway

GRE Tunnels and AWS: AWS GRE Tunnels

DNS Configuration:

For FortiWeb Cloud to effectively protect web applications, the DNS records for the application servers must be configured to point to FortiWeb Cloud. This ensures that all incoming traffic is routed through FortiWeb Cloud for inspection and protection (Option A).

Traffic Filtering:

FortiWeb Cloud provides robust protection by filtering incoming traffic to block the OWASP Top 10 attacks, zero-day threats, and other application layer attacks. This ensures the security and integrity of the web applications it protects (Option B).

Other Options Analysis:

Option C is incorrect because FortiWeb Cloud can protect application servers across different VPCs or regions, not just within the same VPC.

Option D is incorrect because step 2 does not require an AWS S3 bucket; it refers to the inspection and filtering of incoming traffic.

References:

FortiWeb Cloud Overview: FortiWeb Cloud

DNS Configuration for Web Applications: DNS Configuration

HA Event and Failover:

The debug output indicates that a failover event occurred and the secondary instance (Fgt2) is now taking over as the master.

Elastic IP Association:

The debug output shows the process of moving the Elastic IP (eipalloc-090425f83f912c8d6) to the new master instance. This involves associating the Elastic IP with the appropriate network interface (eni) of the new master.

Specific IP Address Association:

The Elastic IP is specifically associated with port1 of Fgt2. The message "associate elastic ip eipalloc-090425f83f912c8d6 to 10.0.0.13 of eni eni-0f6b35f8fccd24eb0" indicates that the Elastic IP is now linked to the primary IP address (10.0.0.13) on port1 of the new master.

Other Options Analysis:

Option A is incorrect because the routing table update details are not explicitly stated.

Option C is incorrect because the IP address association mentioned relates to an Elastic IP, not eni-0b61d8afc0aefb8a2.

Option D is incorrect because it specifically mentions port2 for the Elastic IP association, which is not indicated in the debug output.

References:

FortiGate HA Configuration Guide: FortiGate HA

AWS Elastic IP Documentation: Elastic IP