Fortinet NSE6_FSW-7.2 NSE6_FSW-7.2 - Fortinet NSE 6 - FortiSwitch 7.2 Exam Practice Test

The FortiLink authorization process is an integral part of setting up FortiSwitch to be managed by FortiGate. The correct statements regarding the FortiLink authorization process are:

C.A FortiLink frame is sent by FortiGate to FortiSwitch to complete the authorization.This is a part of the FortiLink protocol, where FortiGate communicates with the connected FortiSwitch to establish management and control. This frameinitiates the configuration and management process, allowing FortiGate to effectively control the switch.

D.FortiLink authorization sets the FortiSwitch management mode to FortiLink.Once authorized, the management mode of FortiSwitch is set to FortiLink, indicating that it is being managed via a FortiLink connection from a FortiGate appliance. This changes the operational mode of the switch to be under the control of the FortiGate for centralized management and policy application.

References:

• Further details on the FortiLink setup and authorization process can be accessed through the FortiGate configuration guides available on theFortinet Documentation site.

To ensure that the managed FortiSwitch devices are reachable by other devices across the network for management purposes, such as SNMP or other network management tools, configuring network connectivity correctly is essential. Here's the rationale for the suggested setting:

• Select a Specific Default Gateway (A):
• Why Other Options Are Less Applicable:

References:For a detailed explanation on configuring network settings on FortiSwitch, including how to set up default gateways and IP addresses for network management, refer to the FortiSwitch administration guides available on:Fortinet Product Documentation

MSTP maintains core concepts of spanning tree protocols, making these answers correct:

• Root Bridge Selection:Like all STP variants, MSTP elects a root bridge for each MST instance (MSTI).expand_more Each MSTI has its own spanning tree topology, and the root bridge determination process is essential.
• Port State Timers:MSTP relies on timers (Hello, Forward Delay, Max Age) to control transitions between port states (Blocking, Listening, Learning, Forwarding) – a fundamental principle shared with other STP implementations.expand_more

Why Other Options Are Less Accurate:

• A. MSTP uses port role election, similar to rapid STP on the instances.While port roles exist in MSTP, there are nuanced differences compared to RSTP. MSTP assigns port roles within each MSTI, not on a global, per-switch basis like RSTP.
• B. MSTP uses alternate path and primary path, similar to regular STP.The concept of alternate and root ports exists in classic STP. MSTP utilizes a different approach within each MSTI, potentially using multiple active paths at the same time.

References:

• Understanding MSTP:https://www.cisco.com/c/en/us/support/docs/lan-switching/spanning-tree-protocol/24248-147.html(Provides good comparison between STP variants)
• Fortinet Documentation on MSTP:Check the Fortinet Document Library (https://docs.fortinet.com/) for specific details on how their implementation of MSTP might differ slightly.

• Switch-controller-dhcp-snooping-verify-mac verifies the destination MAC address to protect against DHCP exhaustion attacks (B): This feature of DHCP snooping helps prevent DHCP exhaustion attacks by ensuring that the destination MAC addresses in DHCP packets match the MAC addresses learned by the switch. This check helps prevent attackers from overwhelming the DHCP server with requests from spoofed MAC addresses.
• Settings related to DHCP option 82 are only configurable through the CLI (D): DHCP Option 82 is used for "agent information," and it's typically used in network environments where additional information between DHCP clients and servers is necessary for policy and billing purposes. Configuration of these settings in FortiSwitch is only available through the Command Line Interface (CLI), not the Graphical User Interface (GUI).

The STP (Spanning Tree Protocol) discarding state on port1 of Core-2, after Core-1 and Access-1 are managed and authorized by FortiGate-1, is likely due to the lack of an MCLAG (Multi-Chassis Link Aggregation Group) configuration between Core-1 and Core-2. In typical network configurations involving STP and MCLAG, the absence of MCLAG can lead to STP blocking one of the redundant paths to prevent loops, which is a critical function of STP. Port1 on Core-2 being in a discarding state suggests that it has been identified as providing a redundant path that could potentially create a network loop, hence STP has placed this port in a blocking (discarding) state to maintain a loop-free topology.

References:

• For a deeper understanding of STP operations and MCLAG configurations in FortiGate managed environments, consult the Fortinet knowledge base:Fortinet Knowledge Base.

Layer 3 routing can be configured on FortiSwitch, while managed by FortiGate (D): FortiSwitch, when managed by FortiGate, supports Layer 3 routing capabilities. This allows for routing between VLANs directly on the switch, enhancing network efficiency by reducing the need to pass traffic through higher network layers for inter-VLAN communication. This configuration enables more sophisticated network setups and efficient routing directly at the switch level.

To enable SNMP v2c on a managed FortiSwitch, the essential requirement involves configuring the SNMP agent and community strings:

• Configure SNMP Agent and Communities (D):
• Understanding Other Options:

References:For detailed instructions on configuring SNMP on FortiSwitch, you can refer to the SNMP configuration section in the FortiSwitch administration guide available on:Fortinet Product Documentation

Regarding the scenario where a FortiSwitch did not reboot after the authorization process while the other devices did, the most likely cause, given the configuration settings in the exhibit, is:

• The management mode was set to use FortiLink mode (Option B): If the FortiSwitch was already configured to use FortiLink for its management mode, it may not require a reboot to complete the authorization process as its management interface settings are already aligned with FortiLink requirements. This is unlike switches that might be transitioning from a standalone or another management mode, which would typically require a reboot to apply new management settings fully.

References:

• FortiLink mode specifically tailors FortiSwitch to be managed via a FortiGate device, integrating its operation into the wider security fabric without needing a reboot if it is already set to this mode before authorization. This contrasts with other management modes where transitioning to FortiLink could necessitate a system restart to initialize the new configuration.

In a scenario where both port1 and port2 are configured with the same native VLAN and considering the functionalities of the loop guard and Spanning Tree Protocol (STP):

• STP triggered a loop and applied loop guard protection on port1 (Option B): STP is designed to prevent loop conditions in networks. If a loop is detected, STP can trigger mechanisms such as loop guard to disable the port where the loop was detected to prevent broadcast storms and maintain network stability.
• Port1 was shut down by loop guard protection (Option C): The loop guard feature specifically acts to disable ports where potential loops are detected if no Bridge Protocol Data Unit (BPDU) is received on a non-designated port, which is considered a unidirectional link failure. This automatic shutdown prevents the types of network issues that can arise from such loops.

To cause endpoints to exchange PoE information and negotiate power with the managed FortiSwitch via LLDP, you should configure the LLDP profile to include power management in the advertised LLDP-MED TLVs. Here are the steps:

• Access the LLDP Profile Configuration:Start by entering the LLDP profile configuration mode with the command:

config switch-controller lldp-profile

edit "LLDP-PROFILE"

• Enable MED-TLVs:Ensure that MED-TLVs (Media Endpoint Discovery TLVs) are enabled. These TLVs are used for extended discovery relating to network policies, including PoE, and are essential for PoE negotiation. They include power management which is crucial for the negotiation of PoE parameters between devices. The command to ensure network policies are set might look like:

set med-tlvs network-policy

• Add Power Management TLV:Specifically add or ensure the power management TLV is part of the configuration. This will advertise the PoE capabilities and requirements, enabling dynamic power allocation between the FortiSwitch and the connected devices (like VoIP phones or wireless access points). This can typically be done within the network-policy settings:

config med-network-policy

edit

set poe-capability

next

end

• Save and Apply Changes:Exit the configuration blocks properly ensuring changes are saved:

End

• Verify Configuration:It’s always good practice to verify that your configurations have been applied correctly. Use the appropriateshoworgetcommands to review the LLDP profile settings.

By adding the power management as part of LLDP-MED TLVs, the FortiSwitch will be able to communicate its power requirements and capabilities to the endpoints, thereby facilitating a dynamic power negotiation that is crucial for efficient PoE utilization.

References:For more detailed information and additional configurations, you can refer to the FortiSwitch Managed Switches documentation available on Fortinet’s official documentation site:Fortinet Product Documentation

While FortiSwitch can collect all the listed LLDP-MED TLVs (Network Policy, Power Management, Location, and Inventory Management), the primary focus for tracking and identifying network devices is on theInventory ManagementTLV.

This TLV carries critical details such as:

• Manufacturer
• Model
• Hardware/Firmware versions
• Serial/Asset numbers

This information provides a granular understanding of the devices on your network.

It provides benefits that can be obtained when using 802.1X authentication (C): MAC, IP, and protocol-based VLANs on FortiSwitch are beneficial in network environments where additional granularity is needed in traffic segmentation and security, similar to what can be achieved through 802.1X authentication. These VLAN types allow for dynamic assignment of ports to VLANs based on the characteristics of the incoming traffic, enhancing both security and network efficiency.

In dynamic routing on FortiSwitch, certain types of interfaces are utilized to participate in the routing processes. The types of interfaces that can be used include:

• Loopback Interfaces (B):Loopback interfaces are virtual interfaces that are always up, making them ideal for use in routing protocols where a stable interface is necessary. They are commonly used to establish router IDs and manage routing information more reliably.
• Switch Virtual Interfaces (C):Switch Virtual Interfaces (SVIs) are assigned to VLANs and can have IP addresses assigned to them, making them capable of participating in Layer 3 routing. SVIs are essential for routing between different VLANs on a switch and can participate in dynamic routing protocols to advertise networks or make routing decisions.

Physical Interfaces (D)andDetected Management Interfaces (A)are not typically used directly by dynamic routing protocols for their operations in the context of FortiSwitch.

References:For more information on how these interfaces interact with dynamic routing protocols, you can check the FortiSwitch documentation on Fortinet’s official documentation site:Fortinet Product Documentation

Regarding the configuration of a FortiSwitch to split a port into multiple smaller interfaces:

• The CLI commands are enabling a split port into four 10Gbps interfaces (Option B): The command shown in the exhibit is typically used to configure a high-speed port (like a 40Gbps or 100Gbps interface) to be divided into smaller, independent 10Gbps interfaces. This feature allows more flexible use of the switch's physical resources.
• The port full speed prior to the split was 100G SFP+ (Option C): Given the context of splitting the port into multiple 10Gbps interfaces, the original port configuration likely supported a high-speed transceiver such as 100G SFP+. This would make it technically feasible to divide the interface into multiple 10Gbps channels, enhancing connectivity options without requiring additional physical interfaces.

These configurations and capabilities are typical in modern network setups, especially in environments requiring high density and flexibility in connectivity, allowing network administrators to optimize physical infrastructure efficiently.

The correct statement about using the Switch Port Analyzer (SPAN) packet capture method on FortiSwitch is that "Mirrored traffic can be sent across multiple switches (A)." This feature allows for extensive traffic analysis as it enables network administrators to configure SPAN sessions that span across different switches, thereby providing the capability to monitor traffic across a broad segment of the network infrastructure.

Location (C): FortiSwitch uses LLDP-MED (Link Layer Discovery Protocol - Media Endpoint Discovery) to advertise various attributes to IP phones, among which "Location" is crucial in emergency situations. This information helps emergency responders to determine the physical location of the calling device, which is vital for prompt response in critical situations.