Fortinet FCP_FAZ_AN-7.4 FCP - FortiAnalyzer 7.4 Analyst Exam Practice Test

FortiAnalyzer has two primary operating modes: Analyzer mode and Collector mode. Each mode serves specific purposes and has distinct capabilities.

Option A - Forwarding Logs to a Syslog Server in Collector Mode:

In Collector mode, FortiAnalyzer collects logs from Fortinet devices but does not process or analyze them. Instead, it forwards the logs to other FortiAnalyzer units in Analyzer mode or to specific storage locations. However, forwarding logs to a syslog server is not a function of Collector mode. Logs are generally stored or sent to other FortiAnalyzer devices.

Conclusion: Incorrect.

Option B - Default Mode is Collector Mode Unless Configured for HA:

When a FortiAnalyzer is initially set up, it runs in Collector mode by default unless it is configured as part of a High Availability (HA) setup, which would set it to Analyzer mode. Collector mode prioritizes log collection and storage rather than analysis, offloading analysis to other devices in the network.

Conclusion: Correct.

Option C - Report Creation and Editing in Collector Mode:

In Collector mode, FortiAnalyzer does not have the capability to create or edit reports. This mode is focused solely on log collection and forwarding, with analysis and report generation left to FortiAnalyzer units operating in Analyzer mode.

Conclusion: Incorrect.

Option D - Performance Improvement with Both Modes in Topology:

Deploying FortiAnalyzer devices in both Collector and Analyzer modes in a network topology can enhance performance. Collector mode devices handle log collection, reducing the workload on Analyzer mode devices, which focus on log processing, analysis, and reporting. This separation of tasks can optimize resource usage and improve the overall efficiency of log management.

Conclusion: Correct.

Conclusion:

Correct Answer: B. FortiAnalyzer runs in collector mode by default unless it is configured for HA and D. A topology with FortiAnalyzer devices running in both modes can improve their performance.

These answers correctly describe the functionality and default configuration of FortiAnalyzer operating modes, along with how a mixed-mode topology can enhance performance.

References:

FortiAnalyzer 7.4.1 documentation on operating modes (Collector and Analyzer) and their respective capabilities.

When an incident in FortiAnalyzer is identified as a false positive and its status is updated to "Closed: False Positive," certain records and logs are updated to reflect this change.

Option A - The Audit History Log Will Be Updated:

FortiAnalyzer maintains an audit history log that records changes to incidents, including updates to their status. When an incident status is marked as "Closed: False Positive," this action is logged in the audit history to ensure traceability of changes. This log provides accountability and a record of how incidents have been handled over time.

Conclusion: Correct.

Option B - The Corresponding Event Will Be Marked as Mitigated:

Changing an incident to "Closed: False Positive" does not affect the status of the original event itself. Marking an incident as a false positive signifies that it does not represent a real threat, but it does not imply that the event has been mitigated.

Conclusion: Incorrect.

Option C - The Incident Will Be Deleted:

Marking an incident as "Closed: False Positive" does not delete the incident from FortiAnalyzer. Instead, it updates the status to reflect that it is not a real threat, allowing for historical analysis and preventing similar false positives in the future. Deletion would typically only occur manually or by a different administrative action.

Conclusion: Incorrect.

Option D - The Incident Number Will Be Changed:

The incident number is a unique identifier and does not change when the status of the incident is updated. This identifier remains constant throughout the incident's lifecycle for tracking and reference purposes.

Conclusion: Incorrect.

Conclusion:

Correct Answer: A. The audit history log will be updated.

This is the most accurate answer, as the update to "Closed: False Positive" is recorded in FortiAnalyzer’s audit history log for accountability and tracking purposes.

References:

FortiAnalyzer 7.4.1 documentation on incident management and audit history logging.

The topology shows a Security Fabric setup involving FortiGate devices (FGT-A and FGT-B) and a FortiAnalyzer for centralized logging. Let’s break down the logging and traffic flow behavior:

Traffic Flow Analysis:

Client-1 initiates web traffic directed to the internet, which is routed through FGT-B and then FGT-A before reaching the internet. This is indicated by the direction of the red-dashed arrow from Client-1 through FGT-B to FGT-A.

Policy and NAT Settings:

On FGT-B, NAT is disabled, meaning it will pass the traffic through without altering the source IP. This device has a Web Filter enabled with a policy to log violations only.

On FGT-A, NAT is enabled, and a Web Filter profile is also applied. Like FGT-B, it logs only violations for web filtering.

Logging Behavior:

Since both FortiGate devices have logging enabled for traffic and web filtering, they can create logs if conditions are met.

FGT-B will log all traffic, as per its configuration, and will also create web filter logs if it detects a violation, as the web filter profile is applied. Because NAT is disabled on FGT-B, it processes the traffic but doesn’t perform any address translation, allowing it to see the original source IP of Client-1.

FGT-A, as the Security Fabric root, will handle NAT and forward the traffic to the internet. However, in this case, the question is focused on where the traffic and web filter logs would be generated first, particularly by FGT-B.

Option Analysis:

Option A - Only FGT-B will create traffic logs: This is incorrect because FGT-B can create both traffic logs and web filter logs if it detects a violation.

Option B - FGT-B will see the MAC address of FGT-A and notify FGT-A to log: This is not how logging works in this setup. Each FortiGate logs independently based on configured policies.

Option C - FGT-B will create traffic logs and will create web filter logs if it detects a violation: This is correct, as FGT-B has logging enabled and will log traffic and web filter violations.

Option D - Only FGT-A will create web filter logs if it detects a violation: This is incorrect, as FGT-B can also log web filter violations independently.

Conclusion:

Correct Answer: C. FGT-B will create traffic logs and will create web filter logs if it detects a violation.

FGT-B is responsible for logging the traffic from Client-1 and will generate web filter logs if there is a policy violation, as configured.

References:

FortiOS 7.4.1 documentation on Security Fabric logging behavior and FortiAnalyzer log integration.

The requirement here is to construct a SQL query that retrieves logs with specific fields, namely "Source IP" and "Destination Port," for entries where the source IP address matches 10.0.1.10. The correct syntax is essential for selecting, filtering, ordering, and grouping the results as shown in the expected outcome.

Analysis of the Options:

Option A Explanation:

SELECT srcip AS "Source IP", dstport AS "Destination Port": This syntax selects srcip and dstport, renaming them to "Source IP" and "Destination Port" respectively in the output.

FROM $log: Specifies the log table as the data source.

WHERE $filter AND srcip = '10.0.1.10': This line filters logs to only include entries with srcip equal to 10.0.1.10.

ORDER BY dstport DESC: Orders the results in descending order by dstport.

GROUP BY srcip, dstport: Groups results by srcip and dstport, which is valid SQL syntax.

This option meets all the requirements to get the expected results accurately.

Option B Explanation:

WHERE $filter AND Source IP != '10.0.1.10': Uses != instead of =. This would exclude logs from the specified IP 10.0.1.10, which is contrary to the expected result.

Option C Explanation:

The ORDER BY clause appears before the FROM clause, which is incorrect syntax. SQL requires the FROM clause to follow the SELECT clause directly.

Option D Explanation:

The GROUP BY clause should follow the FROM clause. However, here, it’s located after WHERE, making it syntactically incorrect.

Conclusion:

Correct Answer: A. Option A

This option aligns perfectly with standard SQL syntax and filters correctly for srcip = '10.0.1.10', while ordering and grouping as required.

References:

FortiAnalyzer 7.4.1 SQL query capabilities and syntax for report customization.

Option A - Purging Log Entries:

A SELECT query in SQL is used to retrieve data from a database and does not have the capability to delete or purge log entries. Purging logs typically requires a DELETE or TRUNCATE command.

Conclusion: Incorrect.

Option B - WHERE Clause Requirement:

In SQL, a SELECT query does not require a WHERE clause. The WHERE clause is optional and is used only when filtering results. A SELECT query can be executed without it, meaning this statement is false.

Conclusion: Incorrect.

Option C - Displaying Database Schema:

A SELECT query retrieves data from specified tables, but it is not used to display the structure or schema of the database. Commands like DESCRIBE, SHOW TABLES, or SHOW COLUMNS are typically used to view schema information.

Conclusion: Incorrect.

Option D - Usage in Macros:

FortiAnalyzer and similar systems often use macros for automated functions or specific query-based tasks. SELECT queries are typically not included in macros because macros focus on procedural or repetitive actions, rather than simple data retrieval.

Conclusion: Correct.

Conclusion:

Correct Answer: D. They are not used in macros.

This aligns with typical SQL usage and the specific functionalities of FortiAnalyzer.

References:

FortiAnalyzer 7.4.1 documentation on SQL queries, database operations, and macro usage.

FortiAnalyzer manages and stores various types of logs, including local logs, across different ADOMs (Administrative Domains). Each type of log serves specific purposes, with some logs being ADOM-specific and others providing system-wide information.

Option A - Local Logs Not Supported in FortiView:

Local logs are indeed supported in FortiView. FortiView provides visibility and analytics for different log types across the system, including local logs, allowing users to view and analyze data efficiently.

Conclusion: Incorrect.

Option B - Playbook Logs for All ADOMs in the Root ADOM:

FortiAnalyzer allows centralized viewing of playbook logs across all ADOMs from the root ADOM. This feature provides an overarching view of playbook executions, facilitating easier monitoring and management for administrators.

Conclusion: Correct.

Option C - Event Logs vs. Application Logs:

Event Logs provide information about system-wide events, such as login attempts, configuration changes, and other critical activities that impact the overall system. These logs apply across the FortiAnalyzer instance.

Application Logs are more specific to individual ADOMs, capturing details that pertain to ADOM-specific applications and configurations.

Conclusion: Correct.

Option D - Event Logs Only in Root ADOM:

Event logs are available across different ADOMs, not exclusively in the root ADOM. They capture system-wide events, but they can be accessed within specific ADOM contexts as needed.

Conclusion: Incorrect.

Conclusion:

Correct Answer: B. You can view playbook logs for all ADOMs in the root ADOM and C. Event logs show system-wide information, whereas application logs are ADOM specific.

These answers correctly describe the characteristics and visibility of local logs within FortiAnalyzer.

References:

FortiAnalyzer 7.4.1 documentation on log types, ADOM configuration, and FortiView functionality.

In FortiOS and FortiAnalyzer logging systems, when an event has a status of "Mitigated" in the Event Status column, it typically indicates that the system took action to address the identified threat. In this case, the Web Filter blocked the web request to a suspicious destination, and the event status "Mitigated" confirms that the action was successfully implemented to neutralize or block the security risk.

Let's review the answer options:

Option A: The risk source is isolated.

This is incorrect because "isolated" would imply that FortiGate took further steps to prevent the source device from communicating with the network. There is no indication of isolation in this event status.

Option B: The security risk was blocked or dropped.

This is correct. The "Mitigated" status, along with the Web Filter event type and the accompanying description, implies that the FortiGate or FortiAnalyzer successfully blocked or dropped the suspicious web request, which corresponds to the term "mitigated."

Option C: The security event risk is considered open.

This is incorrect because an open status would indicate that no action was taken, or the threat is still present. The "Mitigated" status indicates that the threat has been addressed.

Option D: An incident was created from this event.

This option is not correct or evident based on the given display. Although FortiAnalyzer or FortiGate could escalate certain events to incidents, this is not indicated here.

References:

The FortiOS 7.4.1 and FortiAnalyzer 7.4.1 documentation specify that "Mitigated" status in logs means the identified threat was handled, usually by blocking or dropping the action associated with the event, particularly with Web Filter and Security Policy logs​.

In FortiAnalyzer's incident management system, analysts have the option to manually manage incidents, which includes attaching relevant reports to an incident for further investigation and documentation. This feature allows analysts to consolidate information, such as detailed reports on suspicious activity, into an incident record, providing a comprehensive view for incident response.

Let's review the other options to clarify why they are incorrect:

Option A: You can manually attach generated reports to incidents

This is correct. FortiAnalyzer allows analysts to manually attach reports to incidents, which is beneficial for providing additional context, evidence, or analysis related to the incident. This functionality is part of the incident management process and helps streamline information for tracking and resolution.

Option B: The status of the incident is always linked to the status of the attached event

This is incorrect. The status of an incident on FortiAnalyzer is managed independently of the status of any attached events. An incident can contain multiple events, each with different statuses, but the incident itself is tracked separately.

Option C: Severity incidents rated with the level High have an initial service-level agreement (SLA) response time of 1 hour

This is incorrect. While incidents have severity levels, specific SLA response times are typically set according to the organization’s incident response policy, and FortiAnalyzer does not impose a default SLA response time of 1 hour for high-severity incidents.

Option D: Incidents must be acknowledged before they can be analyzed

This is incorrect. Incidents on FortiAnalyzer can be analyzed even if they are not yet acknowledged. Acknowledging an incident is often part of the workflow to mark it as being actively addressed, but it is not a prerequisite for analysis.

References: According to FortiAnalyzer documentation, analysts can attach reports to incidents manually, making option A correct. This feature enables better tracking and documentation within the incident management system on FortiAnalyzer​.

In FortiAnalyzer, event handlers can be configured to trigger specific notifications when an event matches defined criteria. These notifications are designed to alert administrators in real time about critical events.

Option B - Send SNMP Trap:

FortiAnalyzer supports sending SNMP traps as one of the notification methods when an event matches an event handler. This allows integration with SNMP-enabled network management systems, which can then trigger further alerts or actions based on the trap received.

Conclusion: Correct.

Option C - Send SMS Notification:

FortiAnalyzer also supports SMS notifications, enabling alerts to be sent via SMS to predefined recipients. This method is useful for administrators who require immediate alerts but may not have access to email or other notification systems at all times.

Conclusion: Correct.

Option A - Send Alert through Fabric Connectors:

While Fabric Connectors allow FortiAnalyzer to interact with other parts of the Security Fabric, they are primarily used for data sharing and automation rather than directly for sending alerts or notifications.

Conclusion: Incorrect.

Option D - Send Alert through FortiSIEM MEA:

FortiSIEM integration allows for data sharing and further analysis within the Fortinet ecosystem, but it does not directly act as a notification method from FortiAnalyzer itself.

Conclusion: Incorrect.

Conclusion:

Correct Answer: B. Send SNMP trap and C. Send SMS notification

These options represent valid notification methods for FortiAnalyzer’s event handler configuration.

References:

FortiAnalyzer 7.4.1 documentation on event handler configuration and available notification methods.

In FortiOS 7.4.1 and FortiAnalyzer 7.4.1, the "Unhandled" status in logs typically signifies that the FortiGate encountered a security event but did not take any specific action to block or alter it. This usually occurs in the context of Intrusion Prevention System (IPS) logs.

IPS logs with action=pass: When the IPS engine inspects traffic and determines that it does not match any known attack signatures or violate any configured policies, it assigns the action "pass". Since no action is taken to block or modify this traffic, the status is logged as "Unhandled."

Let's look at why the other options are incorrect:

An AV log with action=quarantine: Antivirus (AV) logs with the action "quarantine" indicate that a file was detected as malicious and moved to quarantine. This is a definitive action, so the status wouldn't be "Unhandled."

A WebFilter log will action=dropped: WebFilter logs with the action "dropped" indicate that web traffic was blocked according to the configured web filtering policies. Again, this is a specific action taken, not an "Unhandled" event.

An AppControl log with action=blocked: Application Control logs with the action "blocked" mean that an application was denied access based on the defined application control rules. This is also a clear action, not "Unhandled."