A teacher gives a student a piece of paper and asks him to draw a picture. To request a crayon, the student looks at the teacher and says, "Crayon." In response to this, the teacher replies, "Say, 'Crayon please'." The student complies with the request and the teacher gives them a crayon. This exchange is an example oF.
In an attempt to promote verbal behavior in her child with developmental delays, a mother is following recommendations to wait for her child to spontaneously make the corresponding vocal response before providing her with the followinG. cookies, juice, help, M&Ms, chips, milk, sandwich, and "more." The verbal response the mother is attempting to promote is:
Post-reinforcement pause is MOST characteristic of which schedule?
The matching law states that when responding is reinforced on concurrent VI-20 and VI-50 schedules, the:
The purpose of including untaught items or tasks within a Discrete Trial Instruction program is to assess:
Tommy is looking at a photo album with his dad. He looks at his dad and then points to a picture of his mom and says, "Mommy." This is an example oF.
Which of the following is most likely an example of reinforcing consequences?
The behavior analyst reviews Sandra's data and concludes that her behavior is spontaneous; that is, it occurs randomly, and not as a result of any other event(s).
Which of the assumptions underlying behavior analysis has been violated in this interpretation?
Andrea has limited speech abilities. She has been attending speech therapy and is required to perform speech exercises at home. Other than her training sessions, Andrea chooses to remain essentially non-verbal. One evening, Andrea's sister called to invite Andrea on an outing. Andrea listened to her sister's invitation over the phone and nodded in excitement. Andrea's mother pointed out that her sister could not see her through the phone and that Andrea would need to speak so that her sister would know if she wanted to go. Andrea then said, "Yes, I want." This is a form oF.
A behavioral assessment indicates that the problem behavior of a young woman is maintained by others bringing things to her or taking things away following occurrence of the behavior. Since the behavior results in physical injury, the decision to decrease its occurrence has been made. Which is the BEST general approach?
When Susan attempts to escape from a task, she exhibits several behaviors, including hitting her head, stomping her feet, and crying. This is an example of A.
In order to replace a behavior targeted for change with a behavior that topographically does not resemble the target behavior, which differential reinforcement procedure would be BEST?
To change the occurrence of hitting others, two procedures were compareD. differential reinforcement of incompatible behavior and time-out. The outcomes were examined within and across subjects. A withdrawal design was employed. An independent variable in this study was:
Which of the following could NOT function as an unconditioned punisher?
Fred does not follow some of the directives imposed by the direct care staff. A behavior analyst has been asked to put a program in place that will get Fred to comply with all directives. The behavior analyst should FIRST
Once a stimulus has been determined to function as a reinforcer in a particular contingency, which of the following is likely to be true?
Alonzo tries to run out of his classroom without permission and forcefully resists attempts to stop him. Behavioral assessment information leads to two hypotheses regarding Alonzo's behavior. The behavior analyst decides to conduct systematic manipulations to determine functional relationships. The MOST important reason to do this is to
A behavior analyst develops a program that decreases a baby's crying when her diaper is soiled. This is an example of
Jimmy is watching his favorite Saturday morning cartoon and playing with his train set. The cat walks past him and he pulls its tail. Jimmy's mother takes away one of his train cars. This is an example oF.
Carlos participated in a toothbrushing skill acquisition program. When he started the program, he needed physical assistance to perform each step. After two weeks, he met all objectives and was able to complete each step independently. The program involved the use of graduated guidance, praise, and token reinforcement. In the future, the behavior analyst would like to examine which procedures made the program most effective (i.e., guidance, praise, or token reinforcement). To determine this, the behavior analyst could use a
Which of the following measures would be the MOST appropriate for reporting head banging during each 5-minute interval of work?
Mr. Myers asks Susan what her favorite food is. Susan answers, "Spaghetti." This is an example of a (n):
A behavior analyst is asked to provide direct services requiring daily 1:1 interaction with a teen-aged client. The client does not speak but can communicate fluently using sign language. The behavior analyst knows some sign language but is not fluent. The BEST approach to this situation would be to
A behavior analyst is conducting research on the accuracy of a student's responding to written math problems based on the final answer with no scoring of intermediate calculations. Which is the BEST method for obtaining accurate inter-observer agreement results?
The Smiths' daughter, who has autism, has been receiving ABA services for one-and-a-half years from Andrew, a behavior analyst. Andrew's experience and training is in special education. Recently, the Smiths' other child has been behaving differently and they suspect that he may be clinically depressed. The Smiths would like their son to receive services from Andrew because their family is familiar with him and he has provided effective interventions for their daughter. The Smiths ask Andrew to confirm their suspicions about their son. What should Andrew do?
Angela nurses her newborn infant when he cries. Rates of crying increase. The presentation of the milk functions as a(n)
Which situation is likely to be an example of negative reinforcement?
The BEST definition for mouthing behavior would be any instance of LukE.
A behavior analyst is developing a generalization procedure for a newly mastered response. What strategy should be included in the procedure?
Steven lives in a group home with four other men. Most of his housemates spend about equal amounts of time in the living room and the recreation room. Steven spends about 75% of his free time in the living room and 25% in the recreation room. Staff observations have shown that staff attention is very reinforcing for Steven. If the matching law is operating in this scenario, what is the predicted rate of staff attention to Steven in the living room?
A child diagnosed with autism engages in hand flapping almost continuously at home, day care and school. An intervention is devised to alleviate this challenging behavior. Which type of experimental design would be BEST?
Which procedure is the MOST reasonable and effective application of incidental teaching?
After saying, "ball," Kelly presents five objects to her student, Bryan. When Bryan selects the ball, Kelly delivers a high-preference item. Bryan is learning to:
Which of the following is an example of conditioned punishment?
Response prompts are supplementary _________ stimuli that _________ the likelihood that the target behavior will be emitted.
Elizabeth engages in skin scratching that never occurs when others are present. Additionally, no one has commented on this behavior, and it has occurred undetected by others for quite a long while. Elizabeth hides the scratch marks under clothing. The scratching behavior is MOST likely to be maintained by:
A caregiver says, "Touch your nose." The child accurately touches his nose. The child's response is an example of a (n):
Which of the following is an example of a listener response?
Mrs. Carr's 4-year-old son, Jack, often interrupted her and asked her to play with him. Mrs. Carr would tell Jack that she would play later, but she often followed him and played for a few minutes. On a very busy day, Mrs. Carr told Jack that she could not play with him. Jack began to cry and ran out of the room. Mrs. Carr followed him, calmed him down, and played for a few minutes. This pattern was repeated several times so Mrs. Carr decided to be firm with Jack and to ignore future interruptions. The next day Jack came in sobbing and screaming, “Play now!” Mrs. Carr gave in and played with him. The most likely explanation for Jack’s increasingly disruptive behavior is that:
Interventions designed to weaken a behavior should includE.